An ancient settlement off the coast of the Aegean Sea. This landmark was sung in his "Iliad" by Homer. Troy was most famous for the Trojan War. This ancient Greek city is included in the version of our site.
Many tourists are interested in this archaeological site of modern Turkey. In order to get to Troy, you must first get to Chanakalle. Buses to Troy leave every hour from there. The journey will take about half an hour. In turn, you can come to Canakalle by bus from Izmir or Istanbul. In both cases, the distance is about 320 km.
The German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann was the first to become interested in the excavations of Troy in the second half of the 19th century. It was under his leadership that the ruins of nine cities around the Hissarlik hill were found. Moreover, many ancient artifacts and one very ancient fortress were found. Schliemann's many years of work was continued by one of his colleagues, who unearthed a vast area dating back to the Mycenaean era. Excavations are still ongoing at this site.
Today in Troy, there is little that can attract the traveler's eye. However, the atmosphere of the greatest fairy tale in the world invariably hovers in this city. At the moment, the restoration of the famous Trojan horse is fully completed. This attraction is located on a panoramic platform.
Photo attraction: Troy
Troy, otherwise called Ilion, Dardania and Scamander
- an ancient fortified settlement in Asia Minor, off the coast of the Aegean Sea, not far from the entrance to the Dardanelles. This is the city sung in the poem "Iliad", the author of which is considered Homer. The events described by Homer, in the current view of historians, belong to the Cretan-Mycenaean era. The people who inhabited Troy are called Tevkras in ancient Greek sources.
History of the city of Troy
Turkey is a country with a lot of attractions. The ancient city is one of the world famous Troy. This mythical city was located on the coast of the Aegean Sea, on the Hissarlik hill near the entrance to the Dardanelles. The second name of the city of Troy is Ilion. There is a legend about the origin of the ancient city of Troy. The Phrygian king gave Il a cow and ordered him to build a city on the spot where the cow would lie down to rest. It happened on the Ata hill. Zeus himself approved the act of Il and threw down the statue of the daughter of Triton to the ground.
The city has centuries of history, but its exact location was discovered just over a hundred years ago. Archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann conducted excavations of the mountain village of Gissrlyk, and discovered the ruins of the ancient city of Troy, this was in 1870. His surprise was even greater when he discovered not just the ruins of one city, but nine, arranged in layers, one under one. All of them date back to different centuries and were conditionally numbered from one to nine.
The bottom layer was named Troy I and dates back to 3000 - 2600 years. BC e. It was a small settlement with a diameter of no more than 100 meters. It was a fortress with massive walls and gates, as well as defensive towers. Two of which were discovered during excavations. This settlement existed for a long time and, most likely, was destroyed by fire.
Troy II(2600-2300 BC) was erected on the ruins of the former fortress and occupied an area of 125 meters. In the center there was a palace, surrounded by a courtyard, on which there were warehouses, residential buildings. It was in this layer that Schliemann found a treasure, with jewelry, weapons and various trinkets.
Troy III- IV -V - these are already larger settlements that existed from 2300-1900. BC e. In these settlements, groups of houses are already observed, separated by small streets.
Troy VI. Settlements 1900-1300 BC e, testified to wealth, prosperity and power. It was about 200 meters in diameter, the wall thickness was 5 meters, there were four gates and three towers along the perimeter. Large buildings, palaces, terraces. There is also evidence of the presence of horses. The strongest earthquake destroyed everything.
Troy VII. (1300-900 BC) After the earthquake on the site of the destroyed settlement, life began to emerge again, the remaining blocks and columns were used. Houses were built on a smaller scale than before, and densely packed together. It is this Troy that refers to the events mentioned by Homer in the Iliad and the Trojan War. After the war, the city of Troy was sacked and destroyed by the Greeks, and then captured by the Phrygians.
Troy VIII.(900-350 BC) The city already belonged to the Greeks and was considered quite comfortable. On the territory there was a temple of Athena, as well as a sanctuary for sacrifices. However, it had no political significance, and after part of the population left the city, it fell into decay.
Troy IX(350 BC - 400 AD). It was during this era that the city of Troy was called Illion. The Roman emperors from the Julio-Claudian dynasty did everything for a large-scale reconstruction of the city. The top of the hill was leveled, a sacred site was made near the temple of Athena, a theater was erected on the slope, and public buildings were erected on flat ground. Constantine the Great even wanted to make the city the capital, but this idea lost its significance with the rise of Constantinople. The city of Troy was captured by the Turks and destroyed. The ancient city of Troy is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 
Archeology of Troy
Among contemporary historians of Heinrich Schliemann, the hypothesis was widespread that Troy was located on the site of the village of Bunarbashi. The identity of the Hisarlik hill with Homer's Troy was suggested in 1822 by Charles MacLaren. A supporter of his ideas was Frank Calvert, who began excavations in Hisarlik 7 years before Schliemann. The section of the Hissarlik hill that belonged to Calvert turned out to be away from Homeric Troy. Heinrich Schliemann, who was familiar with Calvert, began a focused exploration of the second half of the Hissarlik Hill at the end of the 19th century. Most of Schliemann's finds are now kept in the Pushkin Museum (Moscow), as well as in the State Hermitage. To date, archaeologists have found traces of nine fortresses-settlements that existed in different eras on the territory of the excavations in Hisarlik. The first settlement found at Hissarlik (the so-called Troy IX) was a fortress less than 100 m in diameter and apparently existed for a long period. The seventh layer belongs to the Homeric era, which represents Troy in the form of a vast settlement surrounded by strong walls with nine-meter towers. Major excavations in 1988 showed that the population of the city in the Homeric era was from six to ten thousand inhabitants - at that time, a very impressive number. According to Korfman's expedition, the area of the lower city was approximately 170,000 m2, and that of the citadel was 23,000 m2.
Language and writing
The question of the language of Hector and Priam has long occupied scholars. Some ancient Greek historians suggested that their speech could be close to Phrygian. Then the opinion was expressed that the inhabitants of Homeric Troy were the ancestors of the Etruscans. In the mid 1980s. N. N. Kazansky published several fragments of clay vessels from Troy with incomprehensible signs resembling the Cretan letter - he called these signs the Trojan letter. However, according to other experts, these could not be inscriptions, but only an imitation of writing. In 1995, a seal with Luvian hieroglyphs was discovered in the layers of Troy VII. Combined with recent evidence that the names of Priam and other Trojan heroes are most likely of Luvian origin, there is a growing belief in the scientific world that the ancient 
The Trojans spoke Luvian. In a monograph published in 2004 by the University of Oxford, Joachim Latach concludes that Luvian was the official language of Homeric Troy. The question of the everyday language of Trojans is still open. Troy was under strong Hellenic influence, many noble Trojans had local and Greek names in parallel. The fact that the Greek names of the Trojans are not an invention of Homer is confirmed by the Hittite inscriptions mentioning the names of the rulers of Taruisa. Currently, most orientalists agree that the Trojan state was multinational. This is supported by the rather variegated composition of the “peoples of the sea”, who migrated, as expected, as a result of the Trojan War.
Trojan War
The Trojan War broke out because of a woman. According to Greek legend, the Trojan War broke out because one of the 50 sons of King Priam, Paris, kidnapped the beautiful Helen, the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus. The Greeks sent troops precisely to take Helen. According to some historians, this is only the pinnacle of the conflict, that is, the last straw that gave rise to the war. Before that, there were many trade wars between the Greeks and the Trojans, who controlled trade along the entire coast in the area of the Dardanelles. Troy held out for 10 years thanks to outside help. According to available sources, the army of Agamemnon encamped in front of the city on the seashore, without besieging the fortress from all sides. The king of Troy, Priam, took advantage of this, establishing close ties with Caria, Lydia and other regions of Asia Minor, which during the war provided him with assistance. As a result, the war turned out to be very protracted.
Trojan horse actually existed. This is one of the few episodes of that war that has not found its archaeological and historical confirmation. Moreover, there is not a word about the horse in the Iliad, but Homer describes it in detail in his Odyssey. And all the events associated with the Trojan horse and their details were described by the Roman poet Virgil in the Aeneid, 1st century BC. BC, i.e. almost 1200 years later. Some historians suggest that the Trojan horse meant some kind of weapon, such as a battering ram. Others claim that this is how Homer called the Greek sea vessels. It is possible that there was no horse at all, and Homer used it in his poem as a symbol of the death of gullible Trojans. The Trojan horse got into the city thanks to the trick of the Greeks. According to legend, the Greeks spread a rumor that there was a prophecy that if a wooden horse would stand within the walls of Troy, he would be able to protect the city from Greek raids forever. Most of the inhabitants of the city were inclined to believe that the horse should be brought into the city. 
However, there were also opponents. The priest Laocoön offered to burn the horse or throw it off a cliff. He even threw a spear at the horse, and everyone heard that the horse was empty inside. Soon a Greek named Sinon was captured, telling Priam that the Greeks built a horse in honor of the goddess Athena in order to atone for many years of bloodshed. This was followed by tragic events: during the sacrifice to the god of the sea Poseidon, two huge snakes swam out of the water, which strangled the priest and his sons. Seeing this as an omen from above, the Trojans decided to roll the horse into the city. It was so huge that it did not fit through the gate and had to dismantle part of the wall. Trojan horse caused the fall of Troy. According to legend, on the night after the horse entered the city, Sinon released from its womb the warriors hiding inside, who quickly killed the guards and flung open the city gates. The city, which fell asleep after violent festivities, did not even put up strong resistance. Several Trojan warriors, led by Aeneas, tried to save the palace and the king. According to ancient Greek myths, the palace fell thanks to the giant Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles, who broke the front door with his ax and killed King Priam.
Excavations of Troy. During excavations at Hissarlik, several layers-cities of different times were discovered. Archaeologists have identified 9 layers that refer to different years. They are all called Troy. Only two towers remain from Troy I. Troy II was explored by Schliemann, considering it to be the true Troy of King Priam. Troy VI was the highest point of the development of the city, its inhabitants traded profitably with the Greeks, but this city seems to have been badly damaged by an earthquake. Modern scientists believe that the found Troy VII is the true city of Homer's Iliad. According to historians, the city fell in 1184 BC, being burned by the Greeks. Troy VIII was restored by the Greek colonists, who also erected the Temple of Athena here. Troy IX belongs to the Roman Empire. I would like to note that the excavations have shown that Homeric descriptions very accurately describe the city.
Search for the legendary Troy
Among archaeologists there are ambitious and dedicated people. And, perhaps, a wealthy German merchant who abandoned his prosperous business in adulthood to search for unfound stones - Heinrich Schliemann- refers to the category of the most famous masters of the ancient profession. The whole life of this man, who was born in a poor village in 1822 and became one of the very rich scientists of his time, consists of secrets and contradictions. He visited many countries of the world, studied in Paris, at the age of 45 he suddenly began to study the Greek language and archeology, and a year later he began to search for the most mysterious, most famous according to the stories of ancient authors, the city - the legendary Troy. The Trojan War became one of the central events of Greek mythology. Ancient sources see its reason in the fact that the supreme god of the pantheon Zeus wished to enable numerous heroes to become famous and leave a mark on history. A serious reason for the outbreak of war was the beauty of the daughter of Zeus - Helen. And the impetus for battles, tricks, betrayal and conquest was a purely female dispute of three goddesses: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite about who is the most beautiful of them. The apple of discord was given by the young shepherd Paris to the goddess of love Aphrodite because she promised him the possession of the most beautiful woman. The beauty Helen was the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus, and Paris, using the help of Aphrodite, sailed to Sparta on a ship and took the beauty to Troy, which brought the wrath and strength of the Greek army to the city-state. The war became famous even not so much because of the just retribution for the desecrated honor of the royal family, but thanks to the participation in it on the side of the Achaeans Odysseus, Ajax, Philoklet, Agamemnon, Achilles. Only 10 years after the kidnapping, as a result of many trials and adventures, the fleet of comrades-in-arms arrived near Troy to demand justice from the old Trojan king Priam. Hector at the head of the Trojan army approached the ships of the Spartans, killed one of the brilliant warriors - Patroclus, but the brother of the latter, Achilles, rushes into battle and kills Hector himself. The battles were merciless, filled with cruelty and heartlessness, and the gods watching from Olympus helped one side or the other. Achilles destroys many helpers of the Trojans - the leader of the Amazons Penfesilia, the king of the Ethiopians Memnon and many defenders of the fortified city, surrounded by mighty walls that remained impregnable. 
Prince Paris, with the help of the god Apollo, kills Achilles with a magic arrow, and the war is suspended. But those who came for the beautiful Helen and the treasures stolen from Sparta cannot retreat and come up with an insidious trap for the Trojans - a wooden horse, in the belly of which several warriors are hiding. Accepted as a conciliatory gift, the horse released scouts at night, who opened the gates for the Spartan army. Troy was destroyed and burned, and for many years historians and archaeologists have been looking for either the real or the mythical city of Troy in the land of ancient Turkey. Heinrich Schliemann ignored all local stories and suggestions. As the place of his excavations, he chose a hill, an hour's walk from the sea, called Hissarlyk. And the choice of the newly-minted archaeologist was made on the basis of the study of ancient reports about the sources and the channel of the Scamandros River, indicated quite definitely. Mythical events took place in his imagination, ancient warriors performed, famous beauties and, of course, treasures appeared.
In this rich city there were many artistic products that the Greek world was famous for, here, to King Priam, the shepherd prince Paris, together with Helen, brought part of the Spartan treasures that were not found by the winners during the assault and burning of the city of Troy. Schliemann addresses European art patrons with a proposal to invest in future excavations of ancient Troy. No one believed in the newly-minted explorer, and Schliemann invested his own capital in the excavations organized in 1870.
Schliemann's workers went deep into the ground. Schliemann skipped layer after layer, completely ignoring the classical methods of excavation. Shovels reached the rocky ground, and there the remains of a certain city-settlement, conventionally called "Troy I", were opened. The researcher was completely disappointed, revealing wretched buildings, a miserable layout, and, most importantly, an almost complete absence of artistic products characteristic of the era of Homer. It was then that the novice archaeologist remembered that together with the workers he dug several more layers, which means that other time periods of the existence of Troy may be closer to the surface, that is, above the uncovered remains of the settlement. And yet, Schliemann doubted that "Troy II" - the city of the times of King Priam, Hector and Paris, the prison of the beautiful Helen. And then, among the architectural ruins, traces of a giant fire began to appear that destroyed the ancient buildings. The fire, apparently, blazed here for more than one day and destroyed everything that remained undestroyed by the hands and weapons of the attacking Spartans. 
Homer left to Schliemann exact descriptions of the disaster, the traces of which were preserved by the land of Hissarlik. Three years of grueling searches, resistance to rumors, envy of metropolitan archaeologists, denials of funding - everything was redeemed by the discovery made. The stones did not deceive the scientist, who proved to the whole world his perseverance and luck. It was possible, having sketched everything found and described the finds for a future book, to complete the season, but something delayed Schliemann with his young Greek wife. This happened on June 15, 1873, when a cache was discovered among the massive walls and ancient ruins of Troy II, which occupied a significant space near the western gates of the fortified city. Schliemann sent, under an insignificant pretext, all the workers from the excavation site to their homes, and he himself proceeded to open up some empty space. The only witness to the finds in the cache was the Greek woman Sophia, who later helped the archaeologist to take out what was found. The discovered ancient treasure contained two golden diadems with 2271 golden rings, 4066 heart-shaped plates and 16 images of gods made of pure gold. Next to these unprecedented items were 24 gold necklaces, earrings, buttons, needles, bracelets, a golden bowl weighing 601 grams, a lot of dishes made of gold and silver, electron and copper.
Schliemann had only a few hours of free time before his departure from the excavations. A delay in the planned plans would lead to suspicion, and the only thought of the archaeologist at that moment was the idea of hiding the discovery from the Turkish authorities. He was sure that in his hands were the treasures of King Priam, hidden in ancient times from prying eyes and military hard times. The treasure consisted of 8700 gold items, and the spouses simply needed to take it to Germany, bypassing all obstacles. It was decided that the treasure, disguised as cabbages and vegetables, would be transported in large baskets across the Hellespont to Athens, and from there a route to Germany would be laid. Turkish officials were surprised, but did not protest, when they saw off the young and rich, capricious European Mrs. Schliemann, who was carrying vegetables from Hisarlik to Athens with her ... And these very baskets and Mrs. Sophia herself have since entered the history of world discoveries.
Schliemann's Antiquities of Troy was published in 1873., who described the powerful walls of the fortress of Troy, towers erected on heavy stone foundations. The stories about the palace buildings were interspersed with descriptions of the fire, which played a terrible role in the fate of the defeated Troy. The brightest pages were devoted to the gold of King Priam, which, by its materiality, confirmed the authenticity of the discovery of the "young" successful historian. The book brought Schliemann great fame, divided the entire scientific world into his supporters and opponents. Some accused him of dilettantism and barbaric excavations, of outright theft of valuable exhibits. Others recognized the luck of the former businessman, his intuition and, most importantly, the desire to carry out the plan by any means.
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Ancient city
An excerpt characterizing Troy- So I didn’t know! .. - Stella exclaimed. “I was just thinking yesterday about the dead that you helped, and I asked my grandmother how they could come back. It turned out - you can, you just need to know how to do it! Here I come. Aren't you happy?- Oh, well, of course, I'm glad! - I immediately assured, and she panicked trying to come up with something so that it would be possible to simultaneously communicate with her and with all my other guests, without betraying either her or myself. But then suddenly an even bigger surprise happened, which completely knocked me out of an already rather complicated rut .... - Oh, how much light-o-skov! ... And class-and-how, ba-a-tuski !!! ... - in complete delight, lisping squeaked, spinning "top" on his mother's knees, a three-year-old baby . - And ba-a-boski! ... And what boboski-s-s! I stared at him dumbfounded, and for a while I sat like that, unable to utter a word. And the baby, as if nothing had happened, happily continued to mumble and break out of his mother’s hands holding him tightly in order to “feel” all these “pretty things” that suddenly unexpectedly fell from somewhere, and even so bright and so colorful.... Stella, realizing that someone else had seen her, with joy began to show him various funny fairy-tale pictures, which completely fascinated the baby, and he, with a happy squeal, jumped on his mother's knees from the wild delight pouring "over the edge" ... - Girl, girl, who are you girl?! Oh, ba-a-tyuski, what a big mi-i-ska !!! And quite creepy! Mama, mama, can I take him home? His wide-open blue eyes enthusiastically caught every new appearance of the “bright and unusual”, and his happy face shone joyfully - the baby accepted everything that happened in a childish way, as if that was how it should have been ... The situation was completely out of control, but I did not notice anything around, thinking at that moment only about one thing - the boy saw!!! I saw it just as I saw it!.. So, it was still true that such people exist somewhere else?.. And it means that I was completely normal and not at all lonely, as I thought at first!. So, it really was Dar? .. Apparently, I was too dumbfounded and looked at him intently, as the confused mother blushed a lot and immediately rushed to “calm down” her little son, so that only no one could hear what he was talking about ... and immediately began to prove to me that “he just invents everything, and that the doctor says (!!!) that he has a very violent fantasy ... and you shouldn’t pay attention to him! ..”. She was very nervous, and I saw that she would very much like to leave here right now, if only to avoid possible questions ... “Please don't worry! I pleaded softly. - Your son does not invent - he sees! Same as me. You must help him! Please don't take him to the doctor again, your boy is special! And the doctors will kill it all! Talk to my grandmother - she will explain a lot to you ... Just do not take him to the doctor anymore, please! .. - I could not stop, because my heart ached for this little, gifted boy, and I wildly wanted what it would be no need to "save" it!.. “Look, now I’ll show him something and he will see - but you don’t, because he has a gift, but you don’t, and I quickly recreated Stella’s red dragon. “Oh-oh-oh, what a hundred-oh is this?! ..” the boy clapped his hands in delight. - It's a dlaconsik, right? Like in a fairy tale - dlakonsik? .. Oh, how beautiful he is! “I also had a gift, Svetlana ...” the neighbor whispered softly. “But I won’t let my son suffer the same way.” I have already suffered for both ... He must have another life! .. I even jumped in surprise!.. So she saw?! And I knew?! .. - here I just burst out of indignation ... "Didn't you think he might have the right to choose for himself?" It's his life! Just because you couldn't handle it doesn't mean he can't either! You have no right to take away his gift from him even before he realizes that he has it! .. This is like murder - you want to kill a part of him that he has not even heard of yet! .. - hissed indignantly at I am her, but inside I just "stand on end" from such a terrible injustice! I wanted to convince this stubborn woman to leave her wonderful baby alone! But I clearly saw from her sad, but very confident look that it’s unlikely that at the moment I will be able to convince her of something at all, and I decided to leave my attempts for today, and later talk with my grandmother, and perhaps together come up with what could be done here ... I just looked sadly at the woman and asked again: “Please don’t take him to the doctor, you know he’s not sick!” She only smiled tightly in response, and quickly taking the baby with her, went out onto the porch, apparently to breathe fresh air, which (I was sure of it) she really lacked at the moment ... I knew this neighbor very well. She was a rather pleasant woman, but what struck me the most at one time was that she was one of those people who tried to completely "isolate" their children from me and poisoned me after the "lighting the fire" accident! .. (Although her eldest son, we must give him his due, never betrayed me and, despite any prohibitions, still continued to be friends with me). She, who, as it now turned out, knew better than anyone else that I was a completely normal and harmless girl! And that I, just like she once, was just looking for the right way out of that “incomprehensible and unknown” into which fate had so unexpectedly thrown me ... Without a doubt, fear must be a very strong factor in our lives if a person can so easily betray and so easily turn away from someone who needs help so much, and whom he could easily help if not for the same one, so deeply and reliably settled in him fear ... Of course, it can be said that I don’t know what happened to her and what made her suffer an evil and ruthless fate... But if I knew that someone at the very beginning of life has the same gift who made me suffer so much, I would do everything in my power to somehow help or guide this other gifted person on the right path so that he would not have to “wander in the dark” blindly and also suffer greatly... And she, instead of helping, on the contrary, tried to “punish” me, as others punished, but these others at least did not know what it was and tried to honestly protect their children from what they could not explain or understand. And now she, as if nothing had happened, came to visit us today with her little son, who turned out to be exactly the same “gifted” as me, and whom she was wildly afraid to show to someone, so that God forbid, someone I didn’t see that her cute baby was exactly the same “curse” that, according to her “ostentatious” concept, I was ... Now I was sure that it didn’t give her much pleasure to come to us, but she didn’t refuse either she could very well, for the simple reason that her eldest son, Algis, was invited to my birthday party, and there was no serious reason on her part not to let him in, and it would have been too rude and “not according to neighborly,” if she would go for it. And we invited her for the simple reason that they lived three streets from us, and her son would have to return home alone in the evening, therefore, naturally realizing that the mother would be worried, we decided that it would be more correct to invite her also along with her little son to spend the evening at our festive table. And she was “poor,” as I now understood, she was just tormented here, waiting for the opportunity to leave us as soon as possible, and, if possible, without any incidents, to return home as soon as possible ... - Are you okay, honey? - sounded near the gentle mother's voice. I immediately smiled at her as confidently as possible and said that, of course, I was perfectly fine. And I myself, from everything that was happening, was dizzy, and my soul was already beginning to “go to the heels”, as I saw that the guys were gradually starting to turn around at me and, like it or not, I had to quickly pull myself together and “set "iron control" over my raging emotions ... I was thoroughly "knocked out" of my usual state and, to my great shame, I completely forgot about Stella ... But the little girl immediately tried to remind herself. “But you said that you don’t have friends, and how many of them are there?! ..” Stella asked, surprised and even a little upset. “These are not real friends. These are just the guys I live next to or study with. They are not like you. But you are the real one. Stella immediately shone... And I, smiling "disconnected" at her, frantically tried to find some way out, absolutely not knowing how to get out of this "slippery" situation, and I was already starting to get nervous, because I didn’t want to offend my best friend, but for sure I knew that soon my “strange” behavior would definitely begin to be noticed ... And stupid questions would again fall, to which I had not the slightest desire to answer today. - Wow, what a treat you have here! - Stella chattered delightedly looking at the festive table. - What a pity, I can’t try it anymore! .. And what did you get today? Can I have a look? .. - as usual, questions poured out of her. - They gave me my favorite horse! .. And a lot more, I haven’t even looked yet. But I will definitely show you everything! Stella simply sparkled with happiness to be with me here on Earth, and I was more and more lost, unable to find a solution from the created delicate situation. - How beautiful it all is! .. And how delicious it must be! .. - How happy you are - there is such a thing! Despite the fact that Schliemann was looking for Troy, described by Homer, the real city turned out to be older than the one mentioned in the chronicles of the Greek author. In 1988, the excavations were continued by Manred Kaufman. Then it turned out that the city occupied a larger territory than initially assumed. In total, nine different levels were found at the excavation site, that is, the city was rebuilt 9 times. When Schliemann discovered the ruins of Troy, he noticed that the settlement had been destroyed by fire. But whether this was the same city that, according to legend, the ancient Greeks destroyed during the Trojan War in 1200 BC, remained unclear. After some controversy, archaeologists came to the conclusion that two levels of excavation fit the description of Homer, which they called "Troy 6" and "Troy 7". In the end, the remains of the legendary city began to be considered an archaeological site called "Troy 7". It was this city that was destroyed by fire around 1250-1200 BC. The Legend of Troy and the Trojan HorseAccording to the literary source of that time, Homer's Iliad, the ruler of the city of Troy, King Priam, waged war with the Greeks because of the kidnapped Helen. The woman was the wife of Agamemnon, the ruler of the Greek city of Sparta, but she ran away with Paris, the prince of Troy. Since Paris refused to return Helen to her homeland, a war broke out that lasted 10 years. In another poem called The Odyssey, Homer tells how Troy was destroyed. The Greeks won the war thanks to cunning. They are a wooden horse, which they allegedly wanted to present as a gift. The inhabitants of the city allowed the huge statue to be brought inside the walls, and the Greek soldiers sitting in it came out and captured the city. Troy is also mentioned in Virgil's Aeneid. Until now, there are many disputes as to whether the city discovered by Schliemann is the same Troy, which is mentioned in the works of ancient authors. It is known that about 2700 years ago the Greeks colonized the northwestern coast of modern Turkey. How old are threeIn his study Troy: City, Homer and Turkey, the Dutch archaeologist Gert Jean Van Uijngaarden notes that at least 10 cities existed at the Hisarlik Hill excavation site. Presumably the first settlers appeared in 3000 BC. When one city was destroyed for one reason or another, a new city arose in its place. The ruins were covered by hand with earth, and another settlement was built on the hill. The heyday of the ancient city came in 2550 BC, when the settlement grew and a high wall was erected around. When Heinrich Schliemann excavated this settlement, he discovered hidden treasures that, according to him, belonged to King Priam: a collection of weapons, silver, copper and bronze vessels, gold jewelry. Schliemann believed that the treasures were in the royal palace. Later it became known that the jewels existed for a thousand years before the reign of King Priam. Which Troy is Homer?Modern archaeologists believe that Troy, by Homer, is the ruins of a city from the era of 1700–1190. BC. According to the researcher Manfred Korfmann, the city covered an area of about 30 hectares. Unlike Homer's poems, archaeologists claim that the city of this era did not die from an attack by the Greeks, but from an earthquake. In addition, in those days, the Mycenaean civilization of the Greeks was already in decline. They simply could not attack the city of Priam. The settlement was abandoned by the inhabitants in 1000 BC, and in the 8th century BC, that is, in the time of Homer, it was settled by the Greeks. They were sure that they lived on the site of ancient Troy, described in the Iliad and Odyssey, and named the city Ilion. It seems to me that there is no such person who would not know and have not heard about him ..
 He was taken thanks to a trick invented.
 I want to note that life is arranged in such a way that cities are destroyed, covered with a layer of earth, new settlements can be built on this earth, etc. So, Schliemann excavated very rudely, he swept away those layers that were not interesting to him. This was also the case with Troy. He is her found in May 1873, destroying the later cultural layers. 
 For a very long time they did not believe that exactly that Troy was found, that the “treasure” was genuine, etc. But, the passions subsided and the majority came to the conclusion that this was the same legendary Troy.
Well, since Schliemann did not excavate the entire territory of Troy and swept away not all cultural layers, I am sure that archaeologists will surprise the world more than once with their finds glorifying Troy. 
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The fact is that the city of Troy is so geographically located that it is constantly beset by disasters (earthquakes, wars, etc.). Therefore, he is like a phoenix - he dies to be reborn again.
