The famous Russian writer Vasily Aksyonov was a descendant of his parents repressed by the Stalinist regime. He grew up in the family of his paternal aunt, a party worker, and only at the age of 15 was reunited with his mother, who was evicted to Kolyma. Later, Aksyonov spoke about his youth in his autobiographical novel The Burn. He graduated from the First Leningrad Medical Institute and began working as a doctor, but since 1960 he has been engaged in professional literary activity. The first story of the writer "Colleagues" was filmed in 1961 and since then Vasily Pavlovich has enjoyed the fame of a famous author. True, by the 1970s, his activities were banned due to an overly active civic position in defense of dissidence. In 1988, Aksyonov left for the United States at the invitation, for which the writer himself and the wife of Vasily Aksyonov were deprived of Soviet citizenship. He was able to return to Russia only in 2004.
Aksyonov was married twice and his love story became one of the legends of Russian society for a long time. Vasily Pavlovich's first marriage was to Kira Ludvigovna Mendeleva, daughter of brigade commander Lajos Gavro, a girl from a good wealthy family. The future spouses met in 1956, near Leningrad, and Kira captivated the writer with her liveliness, her ability to sing foreign songs, and her attractive appearance. She then studied at the Moscow Institute foreign languages, and Aksyonov worked in the clinic. A year and a half later, they got married and lived in a cramped room in the house, where there was one toilet for 50 apartments, "soul to soul." In 1960, the newlyweds had a son, Alexei, and a year later, another, Aksyonov became a popular writer. plump, lost most charm Kira began to arrange scenes of jealousy for her husband and their family harmony went wrong.
In the mid-60s, Aksyonov became close friends in one of the "writing" companies with Maya Karmen. She was a friend of Bella Akhmadulina, the wife of the famous director Roman Karmen, 24 years older than her. Bright and spectacular, always cheerful and sociable Maya loved to flirt, like men and immediately reached out to Aksyonov. It always felt special inner strength that attracted women. When an affair began between Maya and Vasily, both were not free and brought a lot of worries to their spouses. Carmen begged Maya not to leave him, no matter what, Kira continued to quarrel. In such conditions, lovers could find moments of happiness on business trips, at parties with friends of writers and in secret meetings, although everyone close knew about their romance. Aksyonov and his beloved went on vacation together and settled in different hotel rooms, because the rules were strict then.
Maya worked at the Chamber of Commerce after graduating from the Institute of Foreign Trade and often traveled abroad. From there, she brought a lot of beautiful imported things for herself and her friends and relatives. Vasily dressed in fashionable scarce things, tried to pamper her beloved and her daughter Alena from her first marriage, even before the union with Carmen, with imported curiosities. In 1978, the venerable director died, and two years later Aksyonov married his widow. In July 1980, the newlyweds went to France, from where they decided to visit the United States for two months. This cost them the loss of the right to return to their homeland. The couple got jobs as teachers at various American universities. Aksyonov - as a professor of Russian literature, Maya - a teacher of philology. They received permission to return to Russia only after perestroika and other state changes, in 2004.
The writer appeared in the apartment returned to him in Moscow, but did not constantly live in it, often absenting himself to his house in Biarritz. He again tasted the glory of a fashionable writer and managed to enjoy it. Aksyonov died in 2009, having been painfully ill for almost a year after a stroke and undergoing a difficult and difficult operation. Maya Afanasievna spent the whole day near his bed, briefly drove home and received news of her husband's death. Their loud love ended the way Aksyonov promised long before, even in his youth: he faithfully and faithfully loved his Maya to the very end. Vasily Aksyonov's wife survived her husband by only five years.
On Channel One there is a TV series "Mysterious Passion" based on the novel by Vasily Aksenov. How did the personal life and biography of Vasily Aksenov develop?
Vasily Aksyonov - Russian writer, screenwriter, professor of Russian literature at various US universities.
Family of Vasily Aksenov. Father - Aksyonov Pavel Vasilievich was the chairman of the Kazan City Council, a member of the bureau of the Tatar regional party committee.
Mother - Ginzburg Yevgenia Semyonovna was a teacher at the Kazan Pedagogical Institute, head of the culture department of the Krasnaya Tatariya newspaper, author of memoirs about Stalin's camps, including Steep Route.
The family had three children: Vasily, and a brother and sister from their parents' first marriages - Alexei and Maya.
In the late 1930s, when Vasily Aksyonov was five years old, his parents were arrested and convicted: his mother was sentenced to 10 years in prison, his father to capital punishment, which was later commuted to 15 years in prison.
Maya and Alexei were taken in by relatives, and Vasily, as a complete orphan, was sent to the Kostroma orphanage for children of prisoners.
Six months later, Aksyonov's uncle, Adrian Vasilyevich (father's brother), was able to pick up Vasily from the orphanage. He returned to Kazan, lived with his aunt until the age of 16, studied eight classes in high school No. 19 im. V. G. Belinsky.
When Vasily Aksyonov was 16 years old, he arrived in the capital of Kolyma - the city of Magadan, where his mother, Evgenia Ginzburg, was. Their meeting is described by Ginzburg in the book "The Steep Route".
After graduating from school, Aksyonov left Magadan to go to college. In 1950 he became a student at the Kazan Medical Institute, and four years later he transferred to the First Leningrad Medical Institute named after I.P. Pavlov.
After the institute, Aksyonov worked as a therapist at the quarantine station of the Leningrad seaport. Then Vasily Aksenov worked in the hospital of the Vodzdravdepartment in the village of Voznesenie on Lake Onega (1957–1958) and in the Moscow Regional Tuberculosis Dispensary (1958–1960).
The first literary experience of Vasily Aksyonov belongs to the student period.
Since 1960, Vasily Aksyonov has been a professional writer.
In 1979, Vasily Aksyonov became one of the organizers and authors of the uncensored almanac "Metropol", around which a violent political scandal erupted. Two authors of the almanac - Evgeny Popov and Viktor Erofeev - were expelled from the Writers' Union of the USSR.
In protest, Inna Lisnyanskaya, Semyon Lipkin and Vasily Aksyonov announced their withdrawal from the Writers' Union.
On July 22, 1980, Aksyonov left for the United States at the invitation, after which he and his wife were deprived of Soviet citizenship.
In 1990, Vasily Aksyonov was returned to Soviet citizenship.
In 1992, the Moscow Saga trilogy was published, which was filmed in 2004.
In 2008, the writer had a stroke. Until 2009, he was in a coma. All this time, his beloved wife, Maya Carmen, was next to him.
The personal life of Vasily Aksyonov was not easy.
His first wife is Kira Ludvigovna Mendeleva (1934-2013), daughter of brigade commander Layosh (Ludwig Matveyevich) Gavro and granddaughter of Yulia Aronovna Mendeleva, a well-known pediatrician and healthcare organizer, founder and first rector of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute.
Aksenov's second wife is Maya Karmen. When they met, they were both married.
Maya Afanasyevna (Zmeul) Aksyonova was born in 1930.
Her first husband was foreign trade worker Maurice Ovchinnikov. After 3 years, the couple had a daughter, Elena. But soon the marriage collapsed. Maya met the famous director Roman Carmen and fell in love.
He left his family for her sake - he divorced his wife Nina Orlova, with whom he lived for 20 years.
Maya Karmen graduated from the Institute of Foreign Trade, worked at the Chamber of Commerce, taught Russian in America.
In 1970, Maya Karmen and Vasily Aksyonov met in Yalta. After that, Vasily Aksyonov and Maya Karmen began dating.
Maya Karmen could not part with her husband Roman Karmen. Only in 1978, after his death, the lovers were able to legalize their relationship. Vasily Aksenov divorced his wife Kira.
In May 1980, Vasily Aksyonov and Maya Karmen got married. We celebrated the event in Peredelkino, at the dacha, where close friends gathered.
Vasily Aksenov has a son - Alexei Vasilyevich Aksenov. He was born in 1960, production designer.
In addition, the writer raised his stepdaughter Elena, the daughter of his second wife.
In the summer of 2008, Elena suddenly died. Earlier in 1999, Maya's 26-year-old grandson Ivan died falling out of a window.
The love story of Vasily Aksenov and Maya Karmen
Once, at the end of the 60s of the last century, a popular young Soviet writer came to Yalta to relax and work in the House of Creativity. On the very first day in the writer's canteen, he met his girlfriend, a no less famous poetess. We got talking. Throwing up her hands, she exclaimed, “What, you don't know Maya? Now I will introduce you!”
One of the most famous novels of the sixties of the century began with this remark: the writer Vasily Aksenov and the Moscow socialite tigress Maya Karmen. (You can easily recognize Bella Akhmadulina in their mutual friend).
The surname Karmen was surprisingly suitable for this woman, and although she was Ovchinnikova according to her passport, “all of Moscow” knew her as the wife of a high-ranking documentary filmmaker Roman Karmen. Aksenov and the poet Grigory Pozhenyan, who came with him to the House of Creativity, had heard a lot about Maya. Pozhenyan was ready to rush into battle, but, seeing with his own eyes a spark that slipped between Vasily and Maya, he decided not to interfere with his friend. “I’ll get out of the way – that’s the law. The third must leave,” Pozhenyan later wrote in one of his songs.
In this celebrity-filled dining room, Aksyonov saw the gloomy tired eyes of a stranger covered in myths and realized that he was gone. The original turned out to be much more spiritual than many copies that were drawn by the inflamed imagination of men who wanted to stay face-to-face with Carmen's wife. 34-year-old Maya Zmeul, according to the first husband of Ovchinnikov, according to the second Carmen, nursed her not too happy documentary filmmaker all the previous winter after a heart attack that overtook him at the most dangerous male age - at the turn of 60 years. The laureate is not very happy state awards and a friend of the general secretaries, Roman Karmen, was due to the sexual achievements of the wives he inherited. The first two slandered him throughout the bohemian world with their loud betrayals. And the third, Maya, a quarter of a century younger, with blond pigtails and a little daughter Alena, seemed to Carmen an angel in the flesh. But then the angel began to turn into a tempting demon...
Vasily Aksenov was not free at the time of the meeting with Maya. Becoming famous writer, he completely lost his monogamous character traits. Acutely jealous wife Kira and son Alyosha did not prevent the creator of confessional prose from working hard and constantly playing tricks. At that time, which we are talking about, Aksenov's affair with the first beautiful intellectual of the city on the Neva, Asya Pekurovskaya, was widely known. At the peak of this novel, Asya managed to briefly marry an unknown Sergei Dovlatov.
A curious scene took place in the restaurant "Roof" of the hotel "European", where Aksenov and Pekurovskaya were having dinner once (and Dovlatov was serving in the army at that time, away from his wife Asya and the males accompanying her). After dinner, they went down the stairs built by the modernist Fyodor Lidval and argued whether there were still good writers in St. Petersburg, or whether everyone, like Aksenov, had moved to Moscow. "Well, name at least someone!" Aksyonov called to Asya. And then they saw Andrey Bitov lying flat at their feet, drunk, as they say, in the zyuzyu. Pointing with her finger at the bit's tie that had slipped to one side, the clever and beautiful Asya said: "Here lies one of the best representatives of St. Petersburg prose!" - and, stepping over the writer's body, Dovlatov's fleeting wife and the prose writer Aksenov, who joined her, went to hail a taxi ...
Meanwhile, the resort romance of Maya Karmen and Vasily Aksenov turned out to be of a completely different genre. Everyone knew about their protracted meetings. Maya was condemned more, Vasily - less. Only Bella Akhmadulina did not condemn anyone, considering herself Aksenov's sister and Maya's faithful friend. However, she also considered herself a friend of Roman Carmen. "O times, o manners!" - some latent hypocrite will quote. In fact, free morals accompany any passionate times. Then, after the introduction of troops into Czechoslovakia in August 1968, the modern renaissance began to shrink to a state now called stagnation. And the romance of Aksenov and Maya continued. They were seen in Yalta, Koktebel, Sochi, the Baltic States, St. Petersburg. Aksenov's wife Kira became painfully stout from these visions, Maya's husband Roman Karmen suffered new heart attacks and asked his wife not to leave him. She looked after the sick Carmen, and then met with Aksenov somewhere far away from spiteful Moscow. "Give Roma Mike back!" - Yulian Semenov repeated at a meeting to a colleague in love.
Once a friend of Aksenov, a connoisseur of jazz and literature, Alexander Kabakov, spent a whole month resting with his wife Ella in Tallinn. One evening they went out to Laboratorium Street, described in Aksenov's prose. And Kabakov said: "The spirit of Vasily Palych hovers here." At these words, Aksyonov and Maya Karmen appeared on the other side of the street. Kabakov recalled: “The beautiful Maya then had the type of Marilyn Monroe. Moreover, Monroe of that famous frame where the wind from the underground ventilation lifts up the hem of her dress. I, the meticulous author of these lines, looking at the photograph of Maya Afanasievna, did not see the slightest resemblance to Marilyn. Not very young and not at all a doll-like woman strikes with her gaze. The look is absolutely happy. And Aksenov, hugging her, has a look - absolutely in love. Irresistible photo! And cutting it in half (he - separately, she - separately) is impossible.
In the mid-70s, Aksyonov completed The Burn, a turning point in his fate and work. Up to half "Burn" main character drunkenly drinks, then abruptly stops drinking. The same thing happens with Aksenov. From the middle of the novel, he begins to write, fueled by completely different energies. Aksyonov dedicated his most important novel to Maya. Alisa Fokusova from "The Burn" is one of Maya's hypostases, just like Ralissa Nomadic from the sunset novel "Mysterious Passion". Mysterious passion for what? To creativity, love, freedom? Well, yes ... However, Akhmadulina’s poems, from which Aksenov carved out the title of the novel, sound like this: “A mysterious passion for betrayal, my friends, clouds your eyes” ...
Roman Karmen died in 1978 from a heart attack. Maya never divorced him. After the scandal with the Metropol almanac and the subsequent exodus of Aksenov from the Writers' Union, the need to leave the USSR is brewing. Aksenov divorced Kira and on May 30, 1980 married Maya. They had a very sad wedding at the Peredelkino dacha. By chance or not by chance, the date of registration of the marriage coincided with the 20th anniversary of the death of Pasternak, who died in the same Peredelkino.
And already on July 22, friends saw off the newlyweds at Sheremetyevo. 48-year-old Aksenov and 50-year-old Maya, as well as her daughter Alena and grandson Ivan, flew to Paris to end up in America in a couple of months. They thought it was forever. On July 25, 1980, Aksenov called Akhmadulina from Paris to Moscow and heard: “Volodya died today” ...
Vasily and Maya Aksenov lived in the USA for 24 years. Basically, well. He became an American professor and published whatever he wanted. But in 1999, tragedy struck. 26-year-old Ivan, the grandson of Maya, whom Aksyonov loved like a son, stepped from the seventh floor. Into the sky. "How will we continue to live?" Maya asked. “We will live sadly,” Aksenov replied ...
In 2004 they moved to France, to Biarritz. And in Moscow, back in the 90s, they were given an apartment in a high-rise building on Kotelniki to replace the one that was taken away after their departure. January 15, 2008 Aksenov lost consciousness while driving, leaving the yard of this very skyscraper. As a result - a severe ischemic stroke, two operations and a year and a half in a coma. July 6, 2009 Vasily Pavlovich died. And even earlier, Maya's daughter Alena, who came from the USA to Moscow to look after her beloved stepfather, died in her sleep. She was 54 years old. Maya Afanasievna, who lost her grandson, daughter and husband, was left completely alone. Only the Tibetan spaniel Pushkin, Aksenov's favorite, forced her to live on. She said she couldn't leave him. Are you still alive, my friend Pushkin?..
P.S. In 2006, I met Vasily Pavlovich Aksenov at the Ostrov Krym film festival in Sevastopol. He took 15 minutes to talk to me. The chairman of the jury was waiting for the next film. Exactly at the 15th minute they came for Aksenov. He looked at the visitors: “I won’t go to the cinema. This conversation is more important to me." And we continued our conversation. He had sad eyes, but he was joking anyway, not seriously mentioning that Maya Afanasyevna now reads mainly ladies' detective stories, since they have a calming effect on her, unlike her husband's works. “And how do you feel about your writing destiny?” I asked. And Aksyonov sadly replied: “In the 60s and 70s they read me, but they didn’t know me by sight. Now they recognize me on the street, but they don’t read me.”
Premiere on the first channel: serial film "Mysterious Passion" based on the latest novel Vasily Aksenov, in which the author "encrypted" the names and surnames of his contemporaries. The prototypes of the heroes are the idols of the sixties: Robert Ehr - Robert Rozhdestvensky, Anton Andreotis - Andrei Voznesensky, Nella Akhkho - Bella Akhmadulina, Yan Tushinsky - Evgeny Yevtushenko, Vasily Aksyonov himself under the nickname Waxon and many others. AiF.ru offers to recall the real biographies of the prototypes of the main characters of the novel.
Robert Rozhdestvensky
Creation: The first serious publications of Rozhdestvensky's poems appeared in the Petrozavodsk magazine "On the Line" when the poet was only 18 years old. At that time, he was only trying to enter the Literary Institute. M. Gorky, where he was accepted, but only on the second attempt. In the first works of Rozhdestvensky there was a lot of civic pathos, he wrote about space exploration and the difficulties of everyday life. But the older the writer became, the more lyrical his poetry seemed, and love lyrics came to the fore.
Robert Christmas. Photo: RIA Novosti / Boris Kaufman
Christmas's popularity Soviet years was huge: in the 60s he was one of those who conquered the Polytechnic and sports palaces, his creative evenings were held with full halls, and books were published in huge editions.
Popular works: The famous Rozhdestvensky poems about love are known in almost all countries, and many of his works are familiar thanks to the songs “My Years”, “Echo of Love”, “Ticket to Childhood”, “Gravity of the Earth”. He is the author of the words of the legendary song "Moments" from the movie Tatyana Lioznova"Seventeen Moments of Spring".
Personal life: Robert's entire personal life was connected with Alla Kireeva, artist and literary critic . He dedicated all his poems about love to her, and she became the mother of his two daughters.
Death: Rozhdestvensky died in Moscow at the age of 62. In 1990, doctors diagnosed the poet with a terrible diagnosis: a malignant brain tumor. But after a successful operation, he managed to live another 4 years.
Interesting Facts: The poet stuttered a lot, especially when he was worried, and even more so when he spoke in public - and this made him even more charming. But this speech disorder had a reason: they say that in childhood, in front of the poet’s eyes, his friend was hit by a car, after which Rozhdestvensky began to stutter.
Andrei Voznesensky
Creation: The first collection of Voznesensky's "Mosaic" was published in 1958, when the poet was 26 years old. He immediately incurred the wrath of the authorities, because he did not reflect the principles that were planted at that time. Then Voznesensky caused a sharp rejection among the Soviet literary community: his lyrics contained many bold metaphors and comparisons, an unusual rhythm of verse and a non-standard reflection of the tragedy of the Great Patriotic War. In 1963, Nikita Khrushchev himself sharply criticized the poet: “Look, what a Pasternak you found! .. Go to the damn grandmother. Get out, Mr. Voznesensky, to your masters! Only in the 1970s did the persecution of the poet end, and he finally began to be published in large numbers.
Popular works: Voznesensky was the author of eight poems and more than forty poetry collections. He is one of the creators of the rock opera "Juno and Avos" and the author of the words of the famous romance "I will never forget you." Many popular pop songs were written on his poems, including “A Million Scarlet Roses”, “Song for an Encore”, “Start Over”, “Give Me Music Back”.
Personal life: Voznesensky lived for forty-six years in a happy marriage with theater and film critic, writer Zoya Boguslavskaya, who in 1964 left her husband for the famous author after he dedicated the poem "Oza" to her.
Death: In 1995, Voznesensky was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the poet began to lose his voice, weaken the muscles of the throat and limbs. He died at home in the arms of his beloved wife at the age of 77 after a second stroke.
Interesting Facts: Popular in the 90s performed by Evgenia Osina the song "The girl in the machine is crying" was written on the basis of Voznesensky's poem "The First Ice". In the late 60s, the song "First Ice" was popular in the courtyard urban culture, and in different years it was performed Nina Dorda and VIA "Jolly guys".
Bella Akhmadulina
Creation: Bella Akhmadulina began to write poetry back in her school years, and the first publication was published in the October magazine, when the author was only 18 years old. Many Soviet critics considered Akhmadulina's poetry "irrelevant", "vulgar" and "banal", while the young poetess, on the contrary, gained immense popularity among readers. Despite her obvious talent, Akhmadulina was expelled from the Literary Institute for refusing to support bullying. Boris Pasternak. Later, she was restored and even issued a red diploma, but along with Yevtushenko and Voznesensky, the Soviet government never supported her.
Popular works: One of the most famous poems Akhmadulina - this is "On my street which year ...", which became famous thanks to the film Eldara Ryazanova"Irony of Fate or Enjoy Your Bath!". The works of the poetess are also widely known: "And in the end I will say ...", "Oh, my shy hero ...", "From the depths of my adversity ...".
Personal life: Akhmadulina was married four times: Evgeny Evtushenko, behind writer Yuri Nagibin, behind screenwriter Eldar Kuliev and for theater designer Boris Messerer.
Death: IN last years Akhmadulina was seriously ill during her life. In 2010, at the age of 73, she died at her dacha in the village of Peredelkino near Moscow.
Interesting Facts: In 1964, Akhmadulina played a young journalist in the film Vasily Shukshin"This guy lives." And six years later, she starred in another film: "Sport, Sports, Sports."
Evgeny Yevtushenko
Creation: The poet's first poem was published when he was 17 years old, and the author's talent was so obvious that he was admitted to the Literary Institute without a school certificate. Then, in 1952, he became the youngest member of the Writers' Union of the USSR, bypassing the stage of a candidate member of the SP.
The beginning of creativity coincided with the Khrushchev thaw, and Yevtushenko's fresh poems turned out to be in tune with the positive moods of the youth. In the early 1960s, he was one of the first among poets to enter the stage, and his artistry and a special manner of reading poetry contributed to his success.
In 1957, Yevtushenko was expelled from the institute for supporting the novel. Vladimir Dudintsev“Not by bread alone,” but he continued to participate in various protests and was in opposition to the authorities. In 1991, Yevtushenko signed a contract with an American university and left the country forever.
Personal life: Yevgeny Yevtushenko was officially married four times: to Bella Akhmadulina, Galina Sokol-Lukonina, own admirer Jen Butler and on Maria Novikova, with which he still lives.
Popular works: In the bibliography of Yevtushenko there is a place not only for poetry, but also for prose works. The most famous of them are the autobiographies "Premature Autobiography" and "Wolf Passport". He is also the author of the words to all familiar songs: “Do the Russians want wars”, “And it’s snowing”, “Waltz about the waltz”, “This is what is happening to me”.
Interesting Facts: After the publication of the poem “Babi Yar”, Yevgeny Yevtushenko was “excommunicated” from Ukraine for twenty years: he was not allowed to hold creative evenings and meetings with poetry lovers.
Vasily Aksenov
Creation: In 1956 Aksyonov graduated from the Leningrad Medical Institute. He worked as a doctor in the North, in Karelia, in Leningrad, in Moscow. His first stories were published in Yunost magazine already in 1958, but it took time for Aksyonov to quit medicine and take up writing seriously. His novels and stories turned out to be very popular, but they aroused the disapproval of the authorities: the writer was constantly accused of covert anti-Sovietism. After the end of the "thaw" and the scandal with the publication of the uncensored almanac "Metropol" in the USSR, it was no longer published: in protest, Aksyonov voluntarily left the Writers' Union.
Vasily Aksyonov. Photo: RIA Novosti
Popular works: The most popular works of the author are considered to be "The Moscow Saga", "Trilogy", unpublished due to censorship in the USSR "Burn" and "Island of Crimea". As well as his latest completed novel, Mysterious Passion.
Personal life: Vasily Aksyonov was married twice, his first wife was Kira Mendeleeva, and second Maya Carmen, which the poet himself called the main passion of his life.
Death: Aksyonov died in 2009 at the age of 77 after a long illness.
Interesting Facts: After Aksyonov was stripped of his Soviet citizenship, he taught Russian literature at several US universities. In 1990, Aksyonov and his wife were given back Russian citizenship, but he never returned to his homeland, only occasionally appearing in Moscow.
» (2004)
Vasily Pavlovich Aksenov(August 20, Kazan - July 6, Moscow) - Russian writer, playwright and screenwriter, translator, teacher.
In the 1960s, the works of V. Aksyonov were often published in the journal Yunost. For several years he has been a member of the editorial board of the journal. Adventure dilogy for children: "My grandfather is a monument" (1970) and "A chest in which something knocks" (1972).
The story about L. Krasin "Love for Electricity" (1971) belongs to the historical and biographical genre. The experimental work "The Search for a Genre" was written in 1972 (the first publication in the journal "New World"; in the subtitle indicating the genre of the work, "Search for the Genre" is also indicated).
In the 1970s, after the end of the "thaw", Aksyonov's works ceased to be published in his homeland. The novels The Burn (1975) and The Island of Crimea (1977-1979, partly written during his stay in Koktebel) were created by the author from the very beginning without any expectation of publication. At this time, criticism of Aksyonov and his works became more and more harsh: such epithets as "non-Soviet" and "non-folk" were used. In 1977-1978, Aksyonov's works began to appear abroad, primarily in the USA.
In 1978, V. Aksyonov, together with Andrey Bitov, Viktor Erofeev, Fazil Iskander, Evgeny Popov and Bella Akhmadulina, became the organizer and author of the uncensored almanac Metropol, which was never published in the Soviet censored press. The Almanac was published in the USA. All participants in the almanac were subjected to "study". In protest against the subsequent expulsion of Popov and Erofeev from the Writers' Union of the USSR in December 1979, Aksyonov, as well as Inna Lisnyanskaya and Semyon Lipkin, announced their withdrawal from the joint venture. The history of the almanac is set out in the novel with the key "Say" raisins "".
In exile
On July 22, 1980, he left for the United States at the invitation, after which he was deprived of Soviet citizenship. Until 2004 he lived in the USA.
After 1991
In the last years of his life he lived with his family in Biarritz (France).
Aksyonov's grave at the Vagankovsky cemetery.
The book of memoirs "The Apple of the Eye" (2005) is in the nature of a personal diary.
Illness and death
Vasily Aksyonov was buried on July 9, 2009 at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.
Peer ratings
“Aksenov has always been fashionable. He succeeded in what all writers dream of - to cross the line of generations. He conquered everyone - both romantic readers of the Youth magazine, and bearded dissidents, and today's Russia ”(Alexander Genis).
Aksenov at that time was called a connoisseur of urban life. “There are villagers, but he, Aksyonov, is in the city.” (Georgy Sadovnikov. My classmate Vasya / “Vasily Aksyonov is a lonely long-distance runner”).
“Aksenov in America remained a well-known writer for a narrow circle. I suspect that he wanted to be an American bestseller and was very upset that nothing came of it. In my opinion, even theoretically it could not work. To create an American bestseller, you have to write badly and about nonsense. But Aksyonov, with all his efforts, will not be able to do this. (Anatoly Gladilin. Aksenovskaya saga).
“Talented white hand. I didn’t sniff life ... ”(Vil Lipatov).
Awards, honorary titles, prizes
In the USA, V. Aksyonov was awarded the honorary title of Doctor of Humane Letters. He was a member of the PEN Club and the American Authors' League. Honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts.
Memory
In Kazan, the house where the writer lived in his adolescence was restored, and in November 2009 the Museum of his work was created there.
In 2017, on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of Vasily Aksyonov, the Aksyonov Island portal began to operate.
Books about Aksenov
Studies of creativity V. P. Aksyonov
- 1998 - Torunova Galina Mikhailovna. The evolution of the hero and the genre in the work of Vasily Aksyonov: From prose to dramaturgy. Thesis for the competition degree candidate of philological sciences.
- 2005 - Karlina Natalia Nikolaevna. The myth of America in American and Russian literature of the second half of the 20th century: E. L. Doctorow and V. Aksyonov. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
- 2006 - Malikova Tatyana Alexandrovna. The work of V. Aksyonov in the 1960s-1990s in English-language literary criticism and criticism. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
- 2006 - Popov Ilya Vladimirovich. The artistic world of the works of Vasily Aksyonov. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
- 2007 - Chernyshenko Olga Vasilievna. The novels of V. P. Aksyonov: genre originality, the problem of the hero and features of the author's philosophy. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
- 2009 - Barruelo-Gonzalez Elena Yurievna. Roman V.P. Aksyonov "Moscow Saga". Genre issue. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
- 2009 - Shcheglov Yuri Konstantinovich. "Overstocked Barrel" by Vasily Aksyonov.
- 2011 - Aksyonova Violetta Vladimirovna. Genre originality of V. Aksyonov's prose in the 1960s-1970s. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
Family
- Sister (paternal) - Maya Pavlovna Aksenova (1925-2010), teacher-methodologist, author of methodological and teaching aids on teaching the Russian language.
- Brother (by mother) - Alexei Dmitrievich Fedorov (1926-1942), died during the Leningrad blockade.
- The mother's adopted daughter is actress Antonina Pavlovna Aksyonova (original surname Khinchinskaya, born 1945).
- First wife - Kira Ludvigovna Mendeleva (1934–2013), daughter of brigade commander Layosh (Ludwig Matveyevich) Gavro and great-niece of the famous pediatrician and public health organizer Yulia Aronovna Mendeleva (1883-1959), founder and first rector (1925-1949).
- Son - Alexei Vasilyevich Aksyonov (born 1960), production designer.
- The second wife is Maya Afanasievna Aksyonova (1930-2014), nee Zmeul - the daughter of the nomenklatura worker Afanasy Andreevich Zmeul, who at the end of his life headed the International Book foreign trade association. In her first marriage, Ovchinnikova, in her second marriage to R. L. Karmen, she graduated from the All-Union Academy of Foreign Trade, worked at the Chamber of Commerce, taught Russian in the USA.
Selected works
Prose
Film scripts
- 1962 - When the bridges are raised
- 1962 - Colleagues
- 1962 - My little brother
- 1966 - Journey (film almanac)
- 1967 - Stormy life in the south
- 1970 - Master
- 1972 - Marble House
- 1975 - Center from the skies
- 1978 - While the dream is mad
- 2007 - Tatyana
- 2009 - Jester
Plays
- 1965 - "Always on sale"
- 1966 - "Your Killer"
- 1968 - "Four Temperaments"
- 1968 - "Aristophaniana with frogs"
- 1980 - "Heron"
- 1998 - "Woe, woe, burn"
- 1999 - "Aurora Gorelik"
- 2000 - "Ah, Arthur Schopenhauer"
Screen adaptations
- 1962 - Colleagues
- 1962 - My little brother (based on the novel Star Ticket)
- 1966 - Journey (film almanac based on the stories “Dad, fold!”, “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”, “Halfway to the Moon”)
- 2004 - Moscow Saga (TV series)
- 2016 - Mysterious passion (TV series)
Bibliography
- Aksenov V. "Colleagues" - M., Soviet writer, 1961. - 150,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. "Catapult" - M., Soviet writer, 1964. - 30,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. "It's time, my friend, it's time." - M., Young Guard, 1965. - 115,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. "Halfway to the Moon". - M., Soviet Russia, 1966. - 100,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. “It is a pity that you were not with us” - M., Soviet writer, 1969. - 384 p., 100,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. "Love of Electricity" - M., Politizdat, 1971. - 200,000 copies; 2nd ed. 1974. - 200,000 copies.
- Aksenov V."My grandfather is a monument." - M., Children's literature, 1972., 208 p., 100,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. A chest in which something knocks. - M.: Children's literature, 1976
- Aksyonov V. Aristophaniana with frogs. — Ann Arbor, Ardis, 1981
- Aksyonov V. "Island of Crimea". - M., Ogonyok, 1990. - 200,000 copies.
- Aksyonov V. Burn. - M., Ogonyok, 1990. - 200,000 copies.
- Aksenov V. "In search of a sad baby" - M., MAI - "Text", 1991. - 320 p., 100,000 copies. ISBN 5-85248-149-1
- Aksyonov V. My grandfather is a monument. Kemerovo, 1991
- Aksyonov V. Rendezvous. - M.: Text-RIF, 1991
- Aksenov V."In search of a sad baby" "Two books about America". - Independent almanac "The End of the Century", 1992, - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85910-011-8.
- Aksenov V. Moscow saga. In 3 books. - M., Text, 1993-1994., - 50,000 copies.
- Aksenov V."Right to the Island". - M., Moscow worker, 1991. - 624 p. - 75,000 copies. - ISBN 5-239-01222-9.
- Aksenov V. Moscow saga. Book. 1 "Generation of winter". - Isographus. - ISBN 5-94661-100-3.
- Aksenov V. Moscow saga. Book. 2 "War and prison". - Isographus. - ISBN 5-94661-101-1.
- Aksenov V. Moscow saga. Book. 3 Prison and Peace. - Isographus. - ISBN 5-699-09247-1.
- Aksenov V."Negative of a positive hero." - Vagrius-Izograph, 1996. - 304 p., 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7027-0336-7.
- Aksenov V."Negative of a positive hero." - Vagrius-Izograph, 1998. - 304 p., 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7027-0336-7.
- Aksenov V. ISBN 5-699-10246-9.
- Aksenov V."Death of Pompeii". - Isograph. - ISBN 5-699-11561-7.
- Aksenov V."Oranges from Morocco" - M., Izograf-EKSMO-press, 2000
- Aksenov V."In Search of the Sad Baby". - M., Isograph - Eksmo-press, 2000
- Aksenov V."Caesarean Glow". - Izographus-EKSMO-press, 2001. - 640 p. - 15,000 copies. - ISBN 5-87113-116-6.
- Aksenov V."Voltaireans and Voltairians". - Isographus. - ISBN 5-94661-092-9.
- Aksenov V."Oranges from Morocco" - M., Izograf-EKSMO-press, 2001
- Aksenov V."Star ticket" - M., Izograf-EKSMO-press, 2001
- Aksyonov V. Overstocked barrels. - M., Izograph-EKSMO-press, 2001 - 416 p., 10,000 copies.
- Aksyonov V. Tales. - M., EKSMO, 2002 (Anthology of satire and humor of Russia of the XX century. T. 21)
- Aksenov V. Overstocked barrel. - M., Izographus-EKSMO, 2002 - 494 p., 4,100 copies.
- Aksenov V."In Search of the Sad Baby". - M., Isographus - Eksmo-press, 2002
- Aksenov V."Oranges from Morocco" - M., Eksmo-Isographus., 2003. - 494 p., 5,100 copies.
- Aksenov V. Egg yolk. - M., Izographus-EKSMO., 2003 - 672 p., 5,000 copies
- Aksenov V. "American Cyrillic" - M., NLO, 2004. - 548 p., 3,000 copies.
- Aksenov V."Rare Earths". - EXMO. - ISBN 978-5-699-20816-6.
- Aksenov V. Moscow Kva-Kva. - EKSMO, 2006. - ISBN 5-699-14718-7.
- Aksenov V."A decade of slander". - Isographus-EKSMO, 2004. - 7,100 copies. - ISBN 5-94661-091-0.
- Aksenov V."In Search of the Sad Baby". - M., Izograph - Eksmo, 2005. - 7,000 copies.
- Aksenov V."Egg yolk" - Isographus - EKSMO, 2005. - 7,000 copies. ISBN 5-94661-111-9
- Aksyonov V. Z atomic barrel. - M., Izograf-EKSMO, 2005, 448 p., 4,100 copies.
- Aksenov V."Say raisins." - RIA "InfA". - ISBN 5-85080-012-3.
- Aksenov V."Say raisins." - EXMO. - ISBN 978-5-699-25062-2.
- Aksenov V."Island of Crimea". - MIF Literary Agency. - ISBN 5-7707-2099-9.
- Aksenov V."Island of Crimea". - ISOGRAPH. - ISBN 5-87113-058-5.
- Aksenov V."Mysterious passion" (a novel about the sixties). - Seven days, 2009. - 591 p. - ISBN 978-5-88149-375-2.
- Aksenov V."Lend-Lease". - EXMO. - ISBN 978-5-699-44465-6.
- Aksenov V."Lion's Lair". - AST; Astrel. - ISBN 978-5-17-060737-2, 978-5-271-24444-5.
- Aksenov V."Oh, this flying youngster!" - EKSMO, 2012. - ISBN 978-5-699-60003-8.
- Aksenov V."One solid Caruso." Compiled by V. Esipov. - M., EKSMO, 2014. - ISBN 978-5-699-70066-0.
- Aksenov V.“Catch pigeon mail. Letters. Compiled by V. Esipov. - M., AST, 2015. -
