" The whole thing turned into a furious lump. She drives the car straight to the building. Moments hit your temple. “Farewell words to the universe,” this is how the Chechen bard Timur Mutsuraev described the last minutes of suicide bomber Khava Barayeva. And the other day, Aminat Saprykina, the killer of the Dagestani Sufi leader Said Chirkeysky, was hit in the temple. Unlike the Chechen Barayeva, Aminat was Russian. Before the terrorist attack In Chirkei, Russians were never noticed among the “black widows.” However, the identity of Alla-Aminat already raises many questions.
The identity of the suicide bomber who killed Said Efendi Chirkeysky and six other people was established almost immediately. The “martyr” turned out to be the Russian Muslim Alla-Aminat Saprykina, the “black widow” of several militants. Her last, fourth husband, member of the Gubden jamaat Magomed Ilyasov, was liquidated in December 2011, and her first, militant Marat Kurbanov, in 2009. The second husband turned out to be militant Timur Kurbanmagomedov. After Timur decided to break with the militants, Aminat divorced him according to Muslim custom. In the practice of "black widows" such cases almost never happened.
“You can’t just force a person to go and explode with other people,” saidGTimesMayor of Khasavyurt Saygidpasha Umakhanov. “I believe that future suicide bombers are injected with some kind of drugs, given some kind of pills, forced to listen to certain audio recordings, watch certain videos, read prayers that put a person in a certain mood. Future suicide bombers are brought to the “forest” by special agents who purposefully look for people who are most amenable to hypnosis. But Alla-Aminat looks like an exception to the general rule. Judging by media reports, she was by no means a weak, weak-willed girl. If she herself divorced her supposedly “weak-willed” husband, it is unlikely that other people could push her around.”
According to the mayor of Khasavyurt, in Dagestan there has never been a situation where Muslim women blew themselves up and killed people: “The suicide bombing of Aminat Saprykina is the first case of this kind. We are now finding out who could be behind this. We don’t even know for what purposes the Russian The girl Alla Saprykina converted to Islam. Even more surprising is that this Alla-Aminat married those who shoot, blow up, and kill several times.
Psychologist Nikolai Kroll, in his essay dedicated to female suicide bombers, wrote: “No matter how old she is, she is always a frightened underfed girl. A hunted creature for whom there is no biography, no “backward”, no “forward”, because she never there was nothing like hope. She is a shadow, sliding along the native walls, in the corridor or at the entrance, the elders are saying something about revenge, they are screaming and their eyes are shining terribly, she pretends that she understands.”
Such was, for example, the terrorist Zarema Muzhakhoeva, a native of Bamut, grandniece of Dzhokhar Dudayev. When she was arrested in 2003 after a foiled terrorist attack near the FSB building in Moscow, she was a 23-year-old woman with a three-year-old child from her dead militant husband. In the photo, Zarema looks not like a mature woman, but like an angular teenager. The war seemed to stop her development and set the still very young Zarema in only one way - to blind hatred of the Russians. Khava Barayeva, the widow of the famous bandit Arbi Barayev, was similar. When very young Khava walked down the street, people admired her quietness and meekness.
Alla-Aminat, apparently, was not known for her quietness and meekness. She had completely different qualities. “Maybe marriage was a way for her to integrate into a certain environment,” says the mayor of Khasavyurt, Saygidpasha Umakhanov. “They report that she, already a Muslim, continued to work as an actress in the Russian theater. Islam and work in the theater do not combine. It also raises the question How a Russian-speaking girl quickly found an approach to the “forest” ones.
30/03/2010
Suicide bombers first appeared in the Middle East. In November 1994, 12-year-old Palestinian Isham Hamad, weighed down with ten kilograms of trinitrotoluene, rode his bicycle to an Israeli checkpoint in the heart of the Gaza Strip and activated the “infernal machine.” The explosion killed Israeli soldiers and literally tore the boy to pieces. In Palestine this phenomenon immediately became widespread.
AND This is where women most often become “living bombs.” Russia first encountered women carrying explosives in 1999. Then the special services learned that Chechen militants were preparing a squad of female suicide bombers. The first was the niece of one of the militant field commanders, Arbi Barayev. In June 2000, Khava Barayeva broke into the commandant's office building in Alkhan-Yurt in a truck and set off an explosion. As a result, two policemen and Barayeva herself died. This event was followed by a series of tragedies in Russia that claimed hundreds of lives of Russian citizens.
Terrorist attacks in Russia are usually carried out by people from Chechnya, but the attitude towards kamikazes in the republic is very contradictory; many do not approve of them. There are several versions of how such terrorist attacks are organized.
Some believe that they are sponsored from abroad and are trained by Arab instructors who literally zombify potential suicides. According to the second version, relatives of suicide bombers receive money for the explosion, and therefore many sacrifice themselves to provide for them financially. According to the third version, such terrorist attacks are carried out by those who were previously detained by security forces and subjected to torture and torture. Many Chechen girls went to their death to “wash away the shame.” Such people are driven by a thirst for revenge. "Black widows" who have lost husbands and brothers have nothing to lose and are ready for anything.
There are also women who are intimidated or kidnapped by recruiters and who are threatened with reprisals against their relatives. According to the fourth version, Russian special services are behind the terrorist attacks and are interested in maintaining tension in the North Caucasus. Experts say a female terrorist is more dangerous than her male accomplices. Especially if she realizes that she is going to her death.
Future kamikazes either end up in special camps, where their psyche is put under collective pressure, inciting them to commit a crime through persuasion, intimidation and drugs, or they are “processed” individually. “Qualified psychologists work with them to find out what they lacked in childhood. If they were deprived of their mother’s attention, a woman is assigned to them as a mentor - an elderly, powerful, supposedly kind woman,” comments military psychologist, author of a book on the psychology of the Chechen war, Leonid Kitaev-Smyk. - Those who lack sexual fulfillment are given a mentor who is both their partner and teacher. This mentor accompanies them throughout the entire training period, and is also nearby during the terrorist attack. Women also go to their deaths to please him.” The mentor must set the detonator into action if something does not go according to plan or the kamikaze changes his mind. She has no way back.
Psychologists say that suicide bombers are in a state of “death trance”, which is characterized by a feeling of ecstasy, extraordinary joy, all social norms no longer matter - the person understands that there is no future for him, he owes nothing to anyone. There is only one main goal - revenge, followed by liberation. A terrorist may enjoy the feeling of power over other people's lives. A suicide bomber can only stop if some kind of flaw occurred during her preparation, as was the case with Zarema Muzhikhoeva, who was supposed to be blown up in 2003 in the center of Moscow. The suicide bomber was never able to commit suicide and surrendered to the authorities. But, unfortunately, such cases are very rare. While awaiting trial, Zarema told reporters how she was recruited: “They said that there would be no pain. It will just be like being bitten by a mosquito. And immediately to heaven, and in heaven there is such a smell that does not exist on earth at all. And two strict angels will meet you. They will ask: “What were you doing on earth? Maybe nothing?” And I will answer: “It’s okay, I died for Allah!” ... And they also said that if they pray for me at home, I will be able to visit my daughter on Thursdays ... I will be able to go down to Rashana at night. When I realized this, for the first time I didn’t believe them. I realized that they were catching me because I was in pain.”
The process of training a terrorist in itself is not that expensive. Most of the amount is spent on training, and explosives require nails, gunpowder, a battery, a switch and a short wire, mercury, acetone and the belt itself, on which 6-8 bags with dangerous contents can be placed. Today, instructions for making explosives can be easily found on the Internet. A “suicide belt” can also look like a vest, the main thing is that it can be hidden under clothes. Explosive devices are also often hidden in women's bags and briefcases. For martyrs, their appearance at the time of the crime does not necessarily correspond to religious canons. In order not to arouse suspicion, suicide bombers can be dressed in a very European way.
In Chechnya there is still a wide field for the activities of recruiters - there are a huge number of offended women and teenagers here. But strangely enough, among the terrorists there are also European women. Russian women also often convert to Islam, mainly after getting married, and assist the Wahhabis. It is very profitable for terrorists to attract women of European appearance, since they practically do not arouse suspicion. Such a suicide bomber can penetrate almost anywhere. There have already been precedents. In the fall of 2005, 38-year-old Belgian Muriel Degoc arrived in Iraq and blew herself up at a checkpoint in Baaquba. Recently, 46-year-old American Colleen Renee LaRose (Jihad Jane) was arrested for aiding terrorists. And if women raised in Islamic traditions from childhood more often commit crimes out of a sense of revenge, then European and American women either become religious fanatics or earn money this way .
Yulia PASKEVICH
Terrorist attacks committed in Russia by female kamikazes
June 6, 2000 In Chechnya, for the first time, a terrorist attack was carried out using suicide bombers. It was performed by Arbi Barayeva's niece Khava. She broke through to the commandant's office building in Alkhan-Yurt in a truck with TNT. Security shot up the truck. As a result of the explosion, two riot policemen and Barayev were killed.
June 11, 2000 At a checkpoint in Grozny, a suicide bomber blew up a car. Two servicemen were killed and one was wounded.
July 2, 2000 In Chechnya, suicide bombers carried out five terrorist attacks using trucks filled with explosives. Two explosions occurred in Gudermes, one each in Novogroznensky, Urus-Martan and Argun. 33 police officers were killed and 84 were injured.
December 19, 2000 Mareta Dudueva tried to break through with explosives to the building of the Leninsky regional police department in Grozny, but was wounded and did not carry out the explosion.
April 9, 2001 In the toilet of the Government House building in Grozny, an explosion killed a cleaner and injured two women. The deceased was a suicide bomber.
November 29, 2001 The suicide bomber blew herself up together with the commandant of Urus-Martan, Heydar Gadzhiev.
February 5, 2002 16-year-old Zarema Inarkaeva carried explosives into the building of the Zavodsky District Department of Internal Affairs in Grozny, but only she herself suffered from the explosion.
October 23, 2002 in Moscow, Movsar Barayev’s group, which included female suicide bombers, captured about 900 people in the theater center on Dubrovka. During the operation of the special services, all terrorists, including female suicide bombers, were destroyed. 129 hostages died.
December 27, 2002 A 15-year-old girl and two men blew up two cars near the Government House in Grozny. 72 people were killed, 210 were injured.
May 12, 2003 In the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district of Chechnya, two women and a man blew up a KamAZ truck near the district administration building. 60 people were killed and more than 250 were injured.
May 14, 2003 near the village of Iliskhan-Yurt, Gudermes district of Chechnya, a female terrorist blew herself up in a crowd of people at a religious holiday. 16 people were killed and more than 140 were injured.
June 5, 2003 In the North Ossetian city of Mozdok, a woman blew herself up near a bus carrying personnel from a military airfield. 20 people were killed, 14 were injured.
June 20, 2003 In Grozny, a woman and a man blew up a KamAZ truck with explosives near the building of the operational search bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 36 people were injured. Only terrorists died.
February 6, 2004- an explosive device went off in a Moscow metro train traveling from the Avtozavodskaya station to Paveletskaya. The explosion killed 40 people and injured 134. The suicide bomber was Anzor Izhaev, a resident of Karachaevo, Cherkessia.
August 24, 2004- explosions in two civilian aircraft carried out by suicide bombers Aminat Nagaeva and Satsita Dzhebirkhanova, natives of Chechnya. A Tu 134 plane, flying from Moscow to Volgograd, crashed in the Tula region, and a Tu 154, flying from Moscow to Sochi, crashed in the Rostov region. 89 people, all passengers and crew members of both aircraft, were killed. Shamil Basayev was named as the organizer of the crime.
August 31, 2004- terrorist attack near the Rizhskaya metro station in Moscow. An explosive device with a capacity of 2 kilograms of TNT was detonated by a suicide bomber. The explosion killed 9 people and injured 44 people.
September 1, 2004- terrorist attack in Beslan (North Ossetia). A detachment of terrorists led by Rasul Khachbarov, numbering more than 30 people, seized the building of secondary school No. 1. For more than two days, about 1,300 hostages were held in a mined school building.
November 6, 2008- A suicide bomber blew up a minibus in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia. 12 people died.
August 17, 2009- terrorist attack in Nazran. Suicide bombers in a Gazelle car, ramming the gate, burst into the courtyard of the republic's police department and detonated explosives (200 kg, according to other sources 400 kg, in TNT equivalent). 25 people were killed and 136 were injured of varying degrees of severity.
Many are sure that the shahid is a suicide bomber. They see only evil in these people, and nothing more. However, if we look at this issue from a Muslim point of view, then everything looks completely different. And how can we understand who is right and who is wrong? Let's find out who martyrs are in Islam, and why today half of the world's population is afraid of them.
Well, in order to find answers to these questions, you need to look into the very heart. Find out about their traditions and laws, and also hear what true believers say about it. Therefore, let's put aside prejudices and try to get to the bottom of the truth.
Shahid: translation of the word and its meaning
If you translate the word “shahid” from Arabic, you get something like “witness” or “to testify.” Moreover, initially this concept had two interpretations. According to the first, a shahid is a witness to a crime who is ready to testify in court. The second said that this was a man who suffered martyrdom in the war.
It is the second interpretation that is considered correct. At the same time, there are special rules according to which the deceased can be counted among the martyrs.
Who is a martyr?
Now let's figure out why martyrs are called martyrs, that is, witnesses. Well, there are many theories that can explain this interpretation. However, they all boil down to the following conclusions:
- By dying for his own faith, a Muslim testifies to the power of Allah.
- The angels themselves tell the Lord about the heroism that the martyr commits.
- The existence of martyrs in itself proves the reality of paradise.
Who is capable of becoming a martyr?
Shahid is a martyr who died for the glory of Allah. That is, only a true Muslim can become one, who believes with all his heart in the power of the Almighty and his deeds. Here you need to understand one important point: the act of heroism must be performed only in the name of faith. If a Muslim is motivated by a thirst for glory or political convictions, then in the eyes of Allah he will never become a martyr.
In addition, there are two types of martyrs, which are very different from each other. So let's look at them separately.
Shahid of eternal life
If a true Muslim dies from a violent death, then he becomes a martyr of eternal life. That is, in the world of the living he will not be perceived as a martyr. Consequently, the funeral will take place according to established traditions: the imam will conduct all the rituals necessary for the repose and read the necessary prayers. But in the afterlife, such a person will be considered a martyr, which will give him certain privileges.
In what cases can a Muslim be called a martyr of eternal life? This happens if he dies at the hands of bandits, due to illness, accident or catastrophe. In addition, all women who die during childbirth also become martyrs in the eyes of Allah.
Shahid of both worlds
It is a completely different matter if a Muslim dies on the battlefield in the name of Allah. In this case, he becomes a martyr of both worlds. His soul immediately goes to heaven, where it takes a place next to the throne of the Almighty.
In this case, the deceased Muslim can be immediately interred. Unlike the previous case, there is no need to perform funeral rites or read prayers. The martyrs of both worlds do not need them, since their body and soul have already proven their purity before Allah.
A fine line between faith and madness
Unfortunately, today the term “martyr” is increasingly used to refer to suicide bombers. In particular, this is the nickname given to the bandits who committed the September 11 terrorist attack in America. Why did they turn from great martyrs into villains whom the whole world hates?
In fact, journalists are largely to blame. It was they who dubbed the terrorists with this name, although most Muslims do not agree with this. After all, if you believe the Koran, then it is not appropriate for a person to create such evil. It is one thing to protect yourself and your loved ones, but quite another to kill innocent people.
And yet many suicide bombers consider themselves martyrs. They actually believe that their war is holy. Therefore, their death is nothing more than a way to show the infidels the power of Allah.
Suicide belt
If we talk about martyrs, we cannot ignore another sinister creation, which today is closely associated with their activities. In this case, we are talking about a suicide belt, thanks to which hundreds of people died. What kind of device is this?
A suicide belt is a very insidious explosive that can be easily hidden under clothing. It is needed so that the killer can slip unnoticed into a crowd of people and blow himself up along with them.
The first to use these devices were Palestinian terrorists. Thus, the Israeli General R. Eitan mentioned in his notes that back in 1974 he was lucky to neutralize one of these suicides. And although initially only a few dared to resort to such harsh methods, with the advent of the terrorist organization Hamas, everything changed dramatically. And the ideological training of their fighters was to blame. After all, they actually believed that by undermining themselves, they became martyrs.
Women in the Holy War
Shahid is not only a man. Women can also become “witnesses” to the glory of Allah. But at the same time, they cannot fight with men on equal terms. That is, Muslim women must help their husbands in battle, but only in a peaceful way. For example, treating the wounded, preparing supplies, carrying water on the battlefield, and so on.
As for war itself, many Islamic sages insist that women should not take up arms. can be violated only in the most extreme cases, when they simply have no other choice.
If we talk about terrorists who blow themselves up in a crowd, then their deeds cannot be interpreted as acts committed for the glory of Allah. Therefore, most Muslims do not perceive them as martyrs.
Trud found out who the militants use as “live bombs” and why they dieInvestigators have already clearly established that the terrorist attacks at the Moscow metro stations “Lubyanka” and “Park Kultury” were committed by female suicide bombers.
“Shahid” is one of the key concepts of the Koran, which is literally translated from Arabic as “fallen for the faith”, “martyr”. In Sharia terminology, a “shahid” is someone who fell in a just war against aggressors while defending his faith. In the orthodox understanding, martyrs are people who were killed in war, who died at the hands of bandits in self-defense, who died as a result of various epidemics, and even lovers who died for their honor. A true martyr, as described in the Koran, cannot kill an innocent person. Islam also condemns suicide because it is believed that the person's soul then goes to hell. Militants and radical Islamists have long interpreted the concept of “martyr” in a way that is favorable to them. They call on Muslims to die for Islam, taking with them as many lives of “infidels” as possible. Only in this case, as such ideologists claim, can a true Muslim count on a place in heaven. In recent years, throughout the world, the concept of “martyr” has become synonymous with terrorist.
Most often, women act in this capacity, since they are considered to be more emotional and easily suggestible. Female suicide bombers are divided into three main groups. One of them can be conditionally called ideological. These are deeply religious young girls and women who fall under the influence of Wahhabis, their understanding of Islam is distorted, and they are ready to sacrifice themselves to religion. For militants, these are the most desirable victims, since they are selfless, but lately they have become fewer and fewer.
The second group is “forced suicide bombers.” Most often these are young girls who have been kidnapped, bought or dishonored by militants. In the latter case, women are raped so that they will never be accepted by their family and have nowhere to return. Girls from poor families sell themselves as suicide bombers to feed their families. According to operatives, in this case the militants pay the relatives of the suicide bomber from 2 to 25 thousand dollars, which most often turn out to be counterfeit. Sometimes militants promise lifelong support for the family of a suicide bomber, but in reality they visit her once every few months, leaving only a bag of flour.
The third group of female suicide bombers is the “Avengers.” It includes relatives of militants killed by the special services. For example, the “black widows” took part in the hostage-taking in the capital’s theater center on Dubrovka (the musical “Nord-Ost”), and then carried out a terrorist attack in Tushino.
Special schools prepare martyrs. In Russia, the first school for training suicide bombers appeared in the late 90s of the last century in the North Caucasus in the Vvedensky district of Chechnya. Ten women are selected to raise one suicide bomber. The optimal option is when the potential suicide bomber is the daughter or sister of a deceased militant. Education begins with the complete suppression of the will. Women are humiliated, beaten, and threatened with the murder of relatives. Taken together, this creates a panicky fear of the “mentors”, and female suicide bombers are ready to carry out any order. The “study” lasts three to four months, after which the suicide bomber must pass a test.
She goes to the city where the terrorist attack is about to take place, and with simulated explosives she goes through the places where there are the most people. This is mainly transport, metro and bus stops. At the end of the check, the suicide bomber must approach the police officers and talk to them to relieve fear. If a suicide bomber refuses a terrorist attack, she is killed. Recently, militants are increasingly using a different tactic: they equip the suicide bomber’s belt with two fuses - one can be activated by the suicide bomber herself, and the other is activated remotely. If the suicide bomber changes her mind about committing a terrorist attack, the bomb will be detonated without her knowledge.
According to operatives, the militants have recently changed their tactics for preparing suicide bombers. “Now they are making ‘living bombs’ out of women, pumping them with psychotropic substances and drugs,” one of the Interior Ministry employees told Trud. “In this state, a person’s sense of fear disappears, and he goes to kill with a clouded consciousness.”
Experts say that it is quite possible to recognize a suicide bomber and name several signs of a suicide bomber. Most often this is a woman from 15 to 30 years old, dressed in dull, loose clothing, under which explosives are hidden. This could be a wide sweater, a dress or a puffy jacket. The terrorist holds his hands on his belt or on his hips because he is preparing to close the contacts of the fuse. If a suicide bomber has been previously pumped with drugs or psychotropic substances, his gait becomes sluggish and from the outside it may seem that the person is drunk.
He looks at one point, the pupils are constricted, or they are sharply dilated and constantly run from side to side. The suicide bomber prefers not to show himself to people, hides in the crowd, tries to stick to large groups where he cannot be seen. A suicide bomber can also carry a bottle of water with him, because in a state of narcotic or psychotropic intoxication a person is constantly thirsty.
