Methodological development
class hour dedicated to World AIDS Day:
AIDS. Don't become doomed
carried out in group PK-15-04
Class teacher: O.A. Shatunova
Foreman: S.I. Kuryanova
Life is so beautiful, don't ruin it.
This is your life, fight for it!
Target: promotion of a healthy lifestyle, harmonious development of a student’s personal qualities, his interests and abilities, physical and moral formation of the growing generation in the spirit of goodness and moral purity, prevention of AIDS.
Tasks:
1) give a general idea of what HIV, HIV infection, AIDS is;
2) convince that the problem of the spread of HIV/AIDS is relevant;
3) develop public speaking skills, cognitive abilities, independence and initiative;
4) educate a personality focused on creative activity and a healthy lifestyle.
Form of conduct – an hour of communication using interactive techniques. All participants in the event have a red ribbon on their chest.
Progress of the event
1.Opening speech by the class teacher
Every year on December 1, in accordance with the decision of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the decision of the UN General Assembly adopted in 1988, World Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Day is celebrated. The idea of World AIDS Day was first proposed by the World Health Organization; it was supported by representatives of 140 countries. This day was first celebrated on December 1, 1988, after a meeting of health ministers from all countries called for social tolerance and increased exchange of information on HIV/AIDS.
This date was set in order to attract the attention of the world community to the spread of HIV infection, which has assumed the scale of a global pandemic spreading across all regions of the world.
The international symbol of the fight against AIDS is the “red ribbon” - a piece of silk ribbon folded in a special way. This logo was created in April 1991 by American artist Frank Moore, who died of AIDS in 2002 at the age of 48. Not a single event in the field of AIDS is now complete without a “red ribbon”, which is used as a logo by WHO, UN agencies and various charitable foundations.
2. Presentation “The Truth about AIDS” with elements of discussion .
During the presentation, the slides are commented on by the class teacher. The information received is discussed by students while viewing the presentation.Students show their prepared presentations.
First message
The first information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, AIDS in English) appeared in the mid-80s of the last century, when doctors discovered a hitherto unknown disease in which adults suffered from immunodeficiency, which had previously only occurred as a congenital defect of premature babies. newborn children. Doctors found that in these patients, decreased immunity - immune deficiency - was not congenital, but was acquired in adulthood.
Therefore, in the first years after its discovery, the disease began to be called AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Since then, the spread of AIDS has reached epidemic levels. The contagiousness of AIDS, its rapid spread and incurability have earned it the fame of the “plague of the twentieth century,” the most terrible and incomprehensible viral disease of our time.
Quite quickly the viral nature of the disease was determined. The virus that causes immunodeficiency syndrome is called HIV - human immunodeficiency virus.
During the first time after infection, the human body resists HIV, which does not manifest itself in any way, but at the same time gradually destroys the immune system of the person infected with HIV.
Finally, a stage comes at which the patient’s immunity is weakened to such an extent that any infection that the patient’s body would have coped with without the slightest problem before being infected with HIV can become fatal.
The first signs of HIV are subtle. For example, a few weeks after becoming infected with HIV, the infected person’s temperature may rise to 37.5 - 38, and the lymph nodes may become enlarged., “glands”, sometimes there is an unpleasant sensation in the throat, pain when swallowing, red spots appear on the skin, and diarrhea often occurs.
Patients often do not pay attention to the occurrence of such symptoms of HIV, mistaking them for signs of a cold or minor poisoning. They are difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of a common cold or flu. Moreover, these initial symptoms of HIV do not occur in all people infected and disappear quite quickly. However, if they were actually caused by HIV infection, their disappearance only means that the infection is progressing further.
The presence of HIV in the body can be completely unnoticeable for 10-12 years: this time, as a rule, passes from the moment of HIV infection to the development of AIDS in the absence of treatment.
AIDS and its symptoms are constantly emerging diseases: pneumonia, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus infection, herpesand others. It is these diseases that most often lead to serious consequences. This stage of development of HIV infection is usually called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, that is, AIDS.
Second message
The routes of HIV transmission are now well studied and are no longer in doubt among scientists and doctors. Generally speaking, HIV can only be transmitted in three ways: either through blood, sexual intercourse, or vertically from mother to child.
HIV infection can occur through injections with shared equipment or any other blood-to-blood contact. It is for this reason that the frequency of HIV infection among drug addicts who use the same syringe is so high.
Cases of infection with AIDS through blood, of course, also include cases of infection through transfusion of infected blood and other medical procedures.
In recent years, transmission of HIV through this route has practically never occurred, because each donor undergoes an HIV test before blood collection. As for non-sterile instruments, they are not used in medical institutions. Conventional medical sterilization or boiling is sufficient to destroy HIV.
Third message
The human immunodeficiency virus is not transmitted through everyday contact - through handshakes, hugs. Healthy skin is a reliable barrier, but the possibility of infection cannot be completely ruled out if both partners have open wounds on the surface of the skin of their hands. Such situations, of course, are extremely rare.
HIV is not transmitted through clothing, bedding, or utensils. The virus quickly dies in the environment.
There is no reason to believe that the HIV virus can be transmitted by blood-sucking insects. The human virus does not live in the body of an insect, and the mosquito does not inject blood into a human wound (only saliva). Saliva also cannot enter the human bloodstream; to do this, the mosquito must be crushed on its open wound, and the mosquito must be filled with HIV-infected blood from a previous victim before this procedure.
HIV does not survive in an aquatic environment, so there is no point in being afraid of infection in a bathhouse, swimming pool, or sauna.
Kissing does not lead to infection, although most people continue to fear such contact with people infected with HIV. The saliva of an infected person contains a small amount of the virus, and at least two liters of saliva are needed to infect a partner, so kissing cannot be considered as one of the ways of transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus. This is a proven fact that many, even fully educated people, still do not want to admit. You can use shared utensils, hug each other - these actions do not pose any risk when coming into contact with a sick person. Only blood-to-blood contact should be avoided. You should not be afraid of infection in public transport, catering places, hospitals and clinics.
HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that causes damage to the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the human body from infections and tumors. HIV infection occurs when someone is infected with HIV and has several stages.
Fourth message
The first stage is the silent course of the infection. After HIV enters the human body, signs of a cold may appear, which disappear after 2-3 weeks. It should be noted that 60-70% of cases of HIV infection occur without an acute onset. At this stage of the infection, it is impossible to determine whether a person is infected with HIV or not. HIV infection is determined by the detection of antibodies to HIV in the blood, which appear only 3-6 months after infection. During this period, HIV tests will give negative results. However, from this time on, an infected person, not knowing about the presence of infection, is able to infect others.
The second stage is HIV carriage, asymptomatic HIV infection. A carrier of HIV infection can only be identified through special laboratory blood tests.
The third stage occurs several years after infection. Against the background of a decrease in the body's defenses, various symptoms appear: enlarged lymph nodes, increased body temperature, intestinal disorders, weight loss. The person is still able to work.
The fourth stage, AIDS, is the final stage of HIV infection. As HIV infection develops, the body's immune system is destroyed. The body is unable to fight various microbes and tumor cells. Severe damage to the mucous membranes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, visual organs, and brain develops. The disease sooner or later leads to death. On average, it takes 10-15 years from the moment of infection to death. There are medications that inhibit the development of the virus and treat diseases caused by HIV. Unfortunately, there is no medicine that completely cures HIV infection. HIV/AIDS causes fear and anxiety that is often exaggerated. People are afraid of becoming infected through everyday contact. In fact, these fears are unfounded, and ordinary contact with an HIV-infected person is absolutely safe. All routes of HIV transmission have been well researched and scientifically proven. There is no reason to isolate people infected with HIV. On the contrary, these people need support and understanding.Socio-demographic characteristics of HIV-infected people: 65% of all identified HIV-infected people are young people aged 15-29 years; 76.6% are men; 23.4% are women; unemployed make up 72.25%.
3. Questions for the round table
What is AIDS?
What is HIV?
Are there differences between AIDS and HIV infection?
From what sources did you learn about the existence of this disease?
Why is this disease considered dangerous to health?
Is HIV transmitted by kissing?
How is HIV not transmitted?
What are the signs of AIDS?
How are alcohol and drugs linked to AIDS?
Name the risk groups.
How can you find out if you are infected with HIV?
Can AIDS be cured?
How can you protect yourself from HIV infection?
Is it possible for a person with AIDS to study at school or technical college next to healthy students?
Solving situational problems.
1) You find out that your closest friend is infected with HIV. Your actions?
2) A guy whom the girl has known for 1-2 months insists on sexual relations. What advice do you have for them?
3) At your birthday party you are asked to try drugs. Your actions.
Conclusion
Remember, HIV infection occurs only through blood transfusions, injections and sexual intercourse. Loyalty, means of protection and a life free from drugs and alcohol - this is a simple, but the surest way to protect yourself and your loved ones from infection.
And please be tolerant and merciful to HIV-infected people, to people with AIDS, as well as to other patients. Don't be afraid to give them a helping hand. After all, many of them are guilty without guilt, while others have already punished themselves.
The world has united to fight AIDS,So that a terrible disease does not celebrate a feast,To help everyone who is sick in their troubles,Let this infection leave the planet!
I wish to defeat this “creature” with the whole world,And then, we will all forget about AIDS forever,So that he does not appear again, even in a nightmare,So that it does not threaten disaster, neither you nor me!
Tasks:
introduce students to the problems of AIDS abroad and in our country;
give the most complete picture of the human immune system;
provide basic understanding of HIV transmission;
introduce the prevention of this disease.
Equipment: map-table of the immune system; table of HIV penetration into the human body; AIDS prevention posters; brochures.
Progress of the event
Teacher: In 1988, WHO (World Health Organization) decided that World AIDS Day will be celebrated annually on December 1st. On this day, it is necessary to bring to public attention the main idea that the cheapest and most effective measure to combat this disease is health education and public awareness.
The teacher reads out the question and asks the students to answer it using their notes. If necessary, the teacher supplements their answers.
Questions (with suggested answers).
1. What is AIDS?
AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Syndrome - because there are a large number of signs, symptoms, complications associated with the disease.
Acquired - the disease is not caused by a genetic predisposition, but is acquired in a specific way.
Immunodeficiency - the immune system is suppressed and loses its ability to resist infections.
Thus, AIDS is not a disease in the proper sense of the word; it only creates the conditions for other infectious diseases.
2. Is AIDS a contagious disease?
AIDS is a contagious disease. AIDS is the last (terminal) stage of HIV infection. The virus, entering another body, infects it.
3. What are viruses?
The virus was discovered by Russian scientist D.I. Ivanovsky in 1892. It was the tobacco mosaic virus.
4. What is the structure of the virus? How does a virus enter a cell? How does it multiply (replicate)?
All viruses have two “faces,” that is, they exist in two forms. In resting, or extracellular form, these are virions - particles that necessarily include nucleic acid (1 or 2 strands of DNA or RNA) and a protein shell that protects it. Only simple viruses work this way.
In complex viruses, the virion may contain other proteins in addition to this minimum set.
HIV belongs to the group of retroviruses. This virus contains two strands of RNA and the enzyme reversetase, which is capable of performing reverse transcription, i.e., transferring genetic information from RNA to DNA. HIV has a unique variability that is 5 times greater than the variability of the influenza virus and 100 times greater than that of the hepatitis B virus. Infection begins at the cellular level when the virus infects T lymphocytes
All information about the structure of the virion is recorded in nucleic acid. DNA can be linear or circular. RNA is most often linear, but in some viruses it lies in the particle not as one long molecule, but in the form of a set of pieces - fragments. Each piece carries its own part of the genetic program of the virus. The amount of hereditary information varies greatly among different types of viruses: from 3 genes to 200.
The penetration of the virus into the cytoplasm of the cell is preceded by its binding to a special protein - a receptor located on the surface of the cell. A special protein of the virus “recognizes” the corresponding receptor on the cell surface. The area of the cell surface to which the virus has attached is immersed in the cytoplasm and turns into a vacuole. A vacuole, the wall of which consists of a cytoplasmic membrane, can merge with other vacuoles or the nucleus. This way the virus is delivered to any part of the cell. Bacterial viruses have a different route of entry into cells. The bacteriophage inserts a hollow rod into the cell and pushes DNA or RNA through it.
Stages of viral replication.
Adsorption is the process of virus attachment to the cell surface.
Injection - penetration of the virus into the body.
Replication is due to the nucleotides contained in the cell.
Synthesis of viral proteins (capsid proteins and enzymes) occurs on cell ribosomes.
Assembly of viral particles is carried out from viral nucleic acids and viral proteins synthesized by the affected cell.
The release of viral particles from the affected cell. In bacteria it is often accompanied by lysis (destruction) of the cell; in eukaryotes it occurs by protruding the cell membrane and “pushing” viral particles into the environment. New particles of the virus, finding themselves in the environment, infect new cells, and the cycle of virus development repeats again.
5. Are the concepts of HIV and AIDS clear?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that is transmitted from person to person through certain routes and causes dysfunction or destruction of the human body's immune system.
HIV infection is a disease that occurs when the immunodeficiency virus enters the human body.
AIDS is short for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This is the last (terminal) stage of HIV infection.
6. How is HIV infection transmitted?
The immunodeficiency virus can enter the human body only:
1. During unprotected sexual contact with someone who is HIV-infected or has AIDS.
2. When the blood of an HIV-infected or AIDS patient enters the body of a healthy person.
3. From an HIV-infected or AIDS-infected mother to a child. This can happen during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
4. HIV spreads through sexual contact (both homo- and heterosexual).
5. When transfusion of donor blood.
6. When using poorly sterilized medical instruments.
It is believed that HIV is not transmitted through air, water, food, or insect bites.
7. How does HIV develop into AIDS?
AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a late stage of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. A few weeks after HIV infection, the temperature sometimes rises, the lymph nodes become enlarged, and red spots appear on the skin. But such signs do not always appear, and if they appear, they quickly disappear. After a few months or years, immunity decreases. HIV attacks the main cells of the immune system - lymphocytes. As a result, AIDS manifests itself in the form of tumors or infections. A person may die 3-10 years after infection.
8. Can a single contact lead to infection?
Yes maybe. If it is sexual intercourse without a condom, it will be an injection with a non-sterile syringe, that is, a syringe used by an HIV-infected person or someone with AIDS.
9. Which population groups are most at risk of infection?
Those most at risk of infection are: drug addicts and people who are sexually promiscuous, i.e., frequently changing sexual partners with unprotected sex.
10. How long does it take for a person to determine whether he is infected or not?
In each person, the manifestation of the disease can occur differently: from 2-3 weeks to 6-12 months (on average - after 3 months).
11. What is an HIV test?
Only a doctor can make a diagnosis of HIV infection based on clinical data and a positive laboratory blood test for the immunodeficiency virus.
Within 5 days after infection, specific antibodies against the HIV virus appear in the blood and can be detected. This reaction is most pronounced between the second and seventh weeks.
A person donates blood from a vein, it is taken to a blood transfusion station (there is an AIDS laboratory there). The test itself is very difficult, but only lasts a few minutes. The test determines the presence of specific proteins (antibodies) in a person’s blood to detect the presence of the AIDS virus in the body. The test result may be positive (if such antibodies are present) or negative (if such antibodies are not present). A positive test result indicates that a person is sick.
12. What is the window period?
The “window” period (incubation period) is the time from the moment of infection until the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease or until the appearance of laboratory signs of the disease (protective proteins in the blood). This period lasts from 2-3 weeks to 6-12 months (on average 3 months).
13. Is it possible to determine by appearance whether a person is infected with HIV or not?
The virus can remain in the body for ten years or more before a person experiences any symptoms of the disease. During this period, a person may look and feel completely healthy, but may still pass the virus on to others.
Thus:
You can get HIV without even knowing it;
You can pass HIV to others without knowing it.
14. What are the clinical manifestations of AIDS?
Infection with HIV does not mean having AIDS. Most infected people go through a stage of asymptomatic virus carriage for 3-5 years, and many even up to 12 years, during which the carrier is dangerous because he can infect others.
Many infected people develop an “AIDS-related symptom complex” (ARC - AIDS - related comlpex), which is manifested by enlarged lymph nodes, diarrhea, fever, night sweats, stomatitis, and a number of infections (fungi, herpes). The longer this symptom complex lasts, the greater the risk of developing active AIDS.
The manifestations of AIDS are varied: damage to the central nervous system (up to chronic meningitis and dementia), as well as leukemia and the formation of tumors.
15. Does an HIV-infected person always develop AIDS?
Definitely, always. If a person is infected, this does not mean that he will immediately develop AIDS, but he will definitely develop it. The virus can stay in the body for up to 10 years or more, it gradually destroys the immune system, and, in the end, it becomes so weak that the person develops serious health problems.
16. Should I be afraid of communicating in everyday life with people infected with AIDS?
There is no need to be afraid of communicating with people with AIDS.
HIV infection is not transmitted at home.
It is impossible to become infected by sharing utensils and toilets with HIV-infected people, by swimming in the same pool with them, by saying hello and hugging.
17. Why can HIV only live in the human body?
HIV can only live in the human body, since the virus is able to interact only with human cells that contain specific proteins that are not characteristic of animals.
18. Is it possible to prevent HIV infection through sexual contact?
You can prevent HIV infection through sexual contact by:
You will have a permanent sexual partner;
You will use a condom (a condom must be purchased in pharmacies and should cost at least 10 rubles per piece, not per pack).
19. Why do cases of discrimination against HIV-infected people arise?
Cases of discrimination against HIV-infected people arise due to the fact that most people simply have an “animal” fear of this disease and due to ignorance of the true routes of transmission and prevention of HIV infection.
20. In what year was the AIDS virus discovered?
The HIV epidemic first emerged in the early 1970s. XX century , and the virus was discovered in 1985 (according to other sources in 1983). By 2005, about 20 million people in the world had died from AIDS, and about 40 million people on the planet were infected with HIV.
21. In what country did this happen?
AIDS was first discovered in the United States in 1981. In 1981, among a group of residents of San Francisco (USA), people were discovered suffering from strange and rare forms of pneumonia and various tumors. The disease ended in death. As it turned out, these patients had a sharply weakened immune system (protective properties) of the body. People began to be killed by a wide variety of microbes, which under normal conditions would only cause mild illness. The disease was called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
As soon as the clinical picture of the new disease was described in the medical literature, reports of patients in other countries began to arrive.
Already in 1983, a virus was isolated, now known as the
human immunodeficiency or HIV. The honor of discovery belongs to Luc Montagnier (France) and Robert Gallo (USA). Blood test methods for detecting HIV (based on the presence of antibodies to it) were developed in 1985.
Gradually, the epidemic of the new disease spread throughout the world. The causative agents of the disease - viruses - were simultaneously discovered by biologists Montagnier in France and Gallo in the USA in 1983. Later, human AIDS viruses and similar ones were discovered in four species of monkeys. Chimpanzee (AIDS-1) and smoky mangobey (AIDS-2) viruses are dangerous to humans.
22. Are there any treatments for HIV infection?
Until now, medicine cannot find a cure for AIDS. Existing remedies can only maintain health and slow down the course of the disease, but not stop it completely. Creating vaccines against AIDS is apparently as difficult as creating vaccines against influenza, due to the great variability of the virus. HIV has a unique variability that is 5 times greater than the variability of the influenza virus and 100 times greater than that of the hepatitis B virus.
Treatment is still ineffective (the main drug is azidothymidine).
Since there are still no reliable drugs to treat AIDS, the death outcome for all these people is almost predetermined.
As part of the implementation of the “Priority National Project in the Sphere of Health,” 3.1 billion rubles have been allocated for the prevention and fight against HIV/AIDS. The money will be used for the prevention and treatment of HIV-infected people.
23. What is the difficulty of treating HIV infection?
Anti-AIDS drugs affect certain enzymes of the virus, which stops its reproduction. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to completely cure a patient with medication. The fact is that the AIDS virus is embedded in the genome of the cells of various organs and cannot be pulled out of there. With the help of drugs, you can ensure that the virus disappears from the blood. There are no free particles, it does not infect new cells,but still remains in the body; and as soon as the drug is stopped, it reappears in the blood.
24. What methods, in your opinion, can be used to prevent the spread of HIV infection in the city?
Basic methods of prevention - doctors need to give lectures and conversations more often at schools and enterprises. You need to speak to children in accessible language and in small groups. Produce more colorful posters and booklets about possible ways of contracting AIDS. In lectures and conversations, the main emphasis should be on proper sex education, limiting the number of sexual partners, and using condoms; use of syringes, needles, disposable transfusion systems; thorough sterilization of medical instruments; conducting mass screenings for HIV infection.
In the Russian Federation, criminal liability has been established for knowingly exposing another person to the risk of infection, as well as for contracting the disease AIDS (HIV infection).
Used literature and other sources.
1. Bilic G., Nazarova L. Popular medical encyclopedia. Man and his health. Moscow: VECHE, 1997.
2. Bogdanova T. L., Solodova E. A. Biology: A reference guide for high school students and applicants to universities. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2002.
3. Information bulletin of the city clinic No. 5. Epidemiologist of the Consultative and Diagnostic Office Lyudmila Karlovna Nikulina, 2006.
4. Fadeeva G. A. International environmental actions at school. 7-9 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2005.
5. Fedorova M. Z., Kuchmenko V. S., Lukina T. P. Human ecology. Culture of health: A textbook for 8th grade students in general education institutions. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2004.
6. Encyclopedia for children. vol. 2. Biology. - 5th ed. ,rev. and additional / Head. editor M. D. Aksyonova. - M.: Avanta+, 2001.
7. Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius (computer version), 2007.
8. I’m going to a biology lesson: Man and his health: A book for teachers. - M.: Publishing house “First of September”, 2001.
Class hour for 7th grade
"Don't die from ignorance", "What is AIDS"
(Class hour on the prevention of HIV infection and AIDS)
Epigraph
At the turn of the millennium there comes a moment when
We are responsible for everything, turning over the years,
The man who conquered the sky, inventing a miracle of technology,
When he takes up bad habits, he forgets about his health.
Target:
Form ideas about the disease of the century;
To familiarize students with basic information about the disease and dangerous features of HIV infection;
Develop behavioral motivation to maintain your health.
Form – an hour of communication using interactive techniques.
Equipment:
poster paper,
markers,
presentation, video film
student messages,
Ribbons,
Candle, matches,
Musical accompaniment.
I Teacher's introductory talk
Today we, the inhabitants of planet Earth, live as one family in the 21st century.
What will the third millennium be like?
This worries all of humanity. It has already matured to the understanding that even small good changes are unthinkable without the participation of each of us.
Health in the world is above all,
The riches of the earth will not replace it!
You can't buy health, no one can sell it,
Take care of him like your heart, like your eyes!
The most precious thing a person has is health. Only a healthy, comprehensively developed, educated person is capable of being a true creator of his own destiny and the destiny of his country.
Health cannot be bought for any money. But each of us can form it and preserve it for many years if we choose a healthy lifestyle once and for all.
Guys, there are letters written in front of you, make a word out of them. Children form the word "AIDS".
The topic of our today's class hour is "What is AIDS " (1 slide)
(2 slide) Every year on December 1, an event dedicated to World AIDS Day is held.
The purpose of the action is to draw attention to the problem of HIV/AIDS, inform young people about the danger of infection and precautions, and develop a tolerant attitude towards people living with HIV.
(3slad) From 2011 to 2015, World AIDS Days will be held with the theme: “Reaching zero: zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero deaths due to AIDS."
(side 4) Results of the survey (conducted earlier)
(5 slide) Today we will answer the questions:
What is AIDS, HIV?
How is HIV infection transmitted?
How can you determine that a person is infected with HIV?
How to avoid HIV infection?
II Information for students
- Now we will watch the film and answer the questions posed.
Watch a video (15 min)
Based on the video material, the children are invited to participate
in the discussion and answer the questions:
1. What is AIDS? (6 slide)
AIDS is an abbreviation that stands for: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (information for the presenter, if necessary, can be deciphered for children):
A syndrome is a series of signs and symptoms that distinguish individual
diseases and conditions.
Purchased - i.e. not congenital, but acquired during life (although it can be said that in some cases immunodeficiency can be congenital - in the case of transmission of HIV infection from a mother to her child during pregnancy and childbirth).
Immuno-, immune - relating to the human immune system, the one that provides our protection from various pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Deficiency is a lack of something.
The development of AIDS occurs when a person becomes infected with HIV.
2. What is HIV? (7 slide)
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (the smallest microorganism). When HIV enters the human body, it attacks the immune system, destroying special cells whose function is to protect the body from infections and destroy dangerous microbes. By destroying the immune system, HIV makes a person unable to resist not only external infections, but also “infectious agents” (bacteria, fungi, etc.), which, with a healthy immune system, exist in our body and do not cause diseases
After this, you need to ask how HIV differs from AIDS. As a rule, the guys answer correctly that HIV is the initial stage, and AIDS is the final stage.
Symptoms (8 slide)
3. How is HIV infection transmitted? (9-13 slides)
4. How can you determine that a person is infected with HIV? (14 slide)
III Group work
Heldgame “What do we know. The degree of risk."
Divide the cards into three groups: High risk; low risk; no risk
Materials: cards indicating the risk of infection situation,
Stands with “risk lines”.
Each group is given a set of cards, which are asked to be placed on the “risk line” according to the degree of danger. Possible options for inscriptions on cards:
kiss on the cheek, (NO RISK)
injection in a medical facility, (NO RISK)
blood transfusion, (NO RISK)
using someone else's toothbrush (SMALL RISK)
swimming in the pool, (NO RISK)
drug use, (HIGH RISK)
kiss on the lips (LITTLE OR NO RISK)
caring for a patient with AIDS, (NO RISK)
mosquito bite, (NO RISK)
immoral lifestyle), (HIGH RISK)
ear piercing, (SMALL RISK)
living in the same room with an AIDS patient (NO RISK )
hugging someone with AIDS, (NO RISK)
using a public toilet, (NO RISK)
bed bug bite. (NO RISK)
After the participants have placed the signs, the presenter sums up the results and draws conclusions about the ways of contracting HIV/AIDS. (19 slide)
Within 5 minutes, draw a propaganda poster about AIDS prevention and come up with a commentary on it.
V Reflection –
Summarizing (20-21 sides) Proverbs about AIDS
Parable.
A long time ago, in an ancient city there lived a Master, surrounded by disciples. The most capable of them once thought: “Is there a question that our Master could not answer?” He went to a flowering meadow, caught the most beautiful butterfly and hid it between his palms. The butterfly clung to his hands with its paws, and the student was ticklish. Smiling, he approached the Master and asked:
- Tell me what kind of butterfly I have in my hands: alive or dead?
He held the butterfly tightly in his closed palms and was ready at any moment to squeeze them for the sake of his truth.
Without looking at the student’s hands, the Master answered:
- All in your hands. (22 slide)
Discussion with children of acquired knowledge.
- We must be tolerant towards people with AIDS (slide 23)
-And now the guys will read poems in m.
Children prepared in advance read poems.
1 student
A threat looms over the earth
The whole planet has a new problem.
After all, AIDS was born on earth -
A disease that came from outside.
And the one who got sick with it,
God is probably tired of it
Or he was a great sinner
And he brought the devil into himself.
Years will pass, and maybe even centuries,
Until he leaves the planet forever,
And maybe people will be lucky, And AIDS will creep away sooner.
2 student
Everyone is responsible for life on the planet
Rulers, elders, naive children...
We have our own goals, tastes, and views
For tears and joy, for death and rewards.
But there is still a quality in which we are united,
In the assessment of which there is no middle ground.
All in this quality are equal to each other,
Therefore, maybe we don’t appreciate it sometimes
What our mother gave us at birth,
What we call life and must preserve -
Yours and others!
Teacher. Health is the most priceless gift, which is given by nature only once! A healthy lifestyle is the path to happiness, well-being and prosperity!
A blood-colored ribbon folded into a loop is present on the emblems of all organizations associated with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Each participant in our class has a ribbon. In 1988, the UN General Assembly declared that the spread of AIDS had become a global pandemic. To draw attention to this problem of people around the world, UN resolution 43/15 officially declared December 1 as World AIDS Day. On this day, the world community expresses solidarity with people affected by the epidemic and directs efforts to fight AIDS throughout the world.
“The red ribbon, pinned to clothing, is an international symbol of the fight against AIDS. The more people pin the ribbon, the more heard the voice of those who demand attention to the problem of AIDS and to the needs of millions of people around the world affected by the epidemic will be heard.
The red ribbon is a symbol of memory of the millions of those whom the world
lost. The red ribbon is a symbol of solidarity with those who have been personally affected by the AIDS epidemic: with people living with HIV/AIDS, with their loved ones, family and friends.
The red ribbon is a symbol of support for scientific development and clinical trials to find new, more effective and affordable drugs and a vaccine for AIDS.
The red ribbon is a symbol of protest against hysteria and ignorance, against discrimination and social exclusion of people living with HIV/AIDS.”
Conclusion on class hour (24 slide)
Reflection (side 25 answering questions)
In memory of those who died from AIDS, we will light a candle and observe a minute of silence.
This concludes our class hour.
Application
Exercise « What do we know ».
This exercise allows students to exchange information with each other and then clarify questions that interest them.
The cards contain a list of situational questions (one on each).
Situations
Kiss on my cheek
Injections in a medical facility
Intravenous drug administration
Drug use without injection
Blood transfusion
Drug use
Using another person's toothbrush
Swimming in the pool
Immoral lifestyle
Caring for people with AIDS
Mosquito bite
Kiss on the lips
Ear piercing
Living in the same room with an AIDS patient
Bed bug bite
Caring for people with AIDS
Hugs with an AIDS patient
Using a public toilet
In addition, 4 more cards with inscriptions are being prepared
High risk
Little risk
No risk
Don't know
Sayings and catchphrases
1. "The best prevention of AIDS is a head on your shoulders."
2. “They get infected differently, die the same way.”
3. "We are for a healthy lifestyle!"
4. "AIDS is a disease of the soul."
5. AIDS is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and HIV is the virus that causes it.
6. To live badly, unreasonably, intemperately means to die slowly.Democrat.
7. Health is a great wealth! Everyone should save and spend it wisely!
8. Today the fashion is for healthy, kind and smart, strong and free people.
9. The happiness and health of you and your children depend only on yourself !
We wish you good luck in life!
Rules for writing syncwine:
There are 5 lines in syncwine:
concept (one word)
adjectives (two words)
verbs (three words)
sentence (four words)
noun (one word)
Adjectives and verbs must reveal the concept, and the sentence must have a semantic character.
An example of a syncwine on this topic:
1.AIDS
2. Dangerous, deadly.
3. Cripples, disfigures, destroys.
4. Spreads due to ignorance.
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Drug use is one of the main problems of modern society. When raising the younger generation, we must warn them from harm. Therefore, my students and I decided to delve deeper into the study of this problem. While collecting material, the students discovered a problem within the problem: drug use can lead to HIV infection, and then to AIDS. Following in this direction, we developed a scenario for the class hour “Drugs and AIDS”. When conducting a class hour, the videos “Alcohol and Smoking” and “Smoking is harmful to yourself!” are used. and others created by students of Municipal Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 12" and OSOU ATL, presentation "AIDS - the plague of the 21st century", prepared jointly by students of Municipal Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 12" and OSOU ATL.
The situation with drug use among young people and Russia continues to be catastrophic. The results of numerous studies show the existence of a stable trend towards a significant and constant increase in the consumption of drugs and toxic substances with a simultaneous decrease in the age of young people who become involved in them. According to the information and analytical Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the share of those who use drugs or have tried it at least once in the age group of youth 12-22 years old is 44.8%. Young people begin to try drugs on average at the age of 14 - 15 years. However, this is the average for all age groups. In fact, the “test” age has dropped by 6 years since 1991. In 1991, young people began to try drugs at an average age of 16 - 17 years, and in 2001 - at the age 11-13 years.
Dissemination of information about the causes, forms, consequences of drug abuse. Formation of a negative attitude in students towards the possibility of drug use. Developing skills to critically analyze and evaluate information received about drugs. Study of drug addiction prevention among youth; primary assistance to a person who is a victim of drugs. Only the joint work of schools, medical centers, parents, and social protection authorities in these areas allows us to stop the impending danger.
The danger of drug addiction is not only that the body quickly wears out and dies, but also the possibility of contracting fatal diseases such as AIDS. After all, everyone knows that the HIV virus is transmitted through blood. The immunodeficiency virus can enter the human body in three ways:
- Through blood. HIV can be transmitted through transfusions of blood or blood products from HIV-infected donors or through the use of unsterile, untreated medical equipment containing particles of infected blood. This route of HIV transmission is also common among people who use intravenous drugs, as often a group of drug addicts shares a syringe and needle that are not treated in any way.
- Through sexual contact.
- From mother to child.
At the end of the 20th century, humanity came face to face with this merciless, deadly and so far incurable disease.
It was first described in 1981 in the USA. In 1983, the French scientist Montagnier and the American researcher Gallo discovered that AIDS is caused by a special virus. It was given the name HIV. In 1987, in West Africa, Montagnier discovered a second type of HIV, which turned out to be less aggressive and less deadly than the first type. In the same West Africa in 1985, a third type of HIV was isolated from monkeys - its own immunodeficiency virus, then such viruses were discovered in cows and cats.
Acquired immunodeficiency is characterized by a set of signs that doctors call symptoms. Among its symptoms: Kaposi's sarcoma, a sharp decrease in the number of T-helper cells, the development of various infections that arise as a result of the proliferation of the most common microbes that constantly live in our bodies and normally pose nothing dangerous to health. Viral infections, such as herpes, which appears on the lip after a cold in the spring, also become unusually pronounced in such patients. In AIDS patients, herpes covers the mouth and nasopharynx, so that they cannot even eat or drink. Dramatically changes herpes and the mucous membrane of the anus, affecting the skin around it in an area the size of the palm of your hand. Such patients suffer from incurable pneumonia, diarrhea (diarrhea), and catastrophic exhaustion. Ultimately, patients die within a year of diagnosis.
In 1985, patients began to notice another symptom - damage to the brain and central nervous system. This defeat is expressed in memory loss, gait disorder, ability to concentrate, etc. In 1987, AIDS dementia (damage to the nervous system) was officially registered by the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta as a symptom of (another!) AIDS .
The AIDS virus does not infect just one type of cell, but many. But T-helpers, the main switches of the immune response, are mainly affected, as a result of which acquired immunodeficiency develops. A person remains completely defenseless in the face of various infections, as well as cancer cells.
The HIV virus is a killer, he doesn't choose his victims. He doesn't care whether you are black or white, young or old, beautiful or not, poor or rich. Where he comes, death comes later. No one is immune from HIV infection. Any person, man or woman, at any age, regardless of place of residence or religious beliefs, can become infected with HIV. Only knowledge about the routes of transmission, prevention of HIV infection and non-risky behavior can protect a person from infection.
The presence of the virus can only be determined with the help of special tests, blood tests, which are done in hospitals or special centers. The most common diagnostic method is enzyme immunoassay. A positive test result indicates that antibodies to HIV have been detected in the blood serum. If antibodies are present, it is concluded that a virus is present in the body.
Since antibodies to HIV appear only some time after infection, getting tested immediately or a few days after dangerous contact is useless. Test results usually become positive a month after infection, but for some people this period (the “window” period) extends to 3 months or more. Therefore, to obtain a reliable result, the test is done twice, after a period of 3-6 months.
The presence of a virus in the blood can only be determined using a special dough, which detects the presence not of the virus itself, but antibodies produced by the body in response to HIV infection. It takes time to develop antibodies from 1 to 6 months. The period when there are not enough antibodies to detect them is called "window period". A person can transmit HIV to other people through 10-14 days from the moment of infection
HIV is a common virus because a person can be infected for many years and still appear completely healthy. But the virus gradually multiplies inside the body and eventually destroys the body's ability to fight disease by killing blood cells, which are part of the body's immune system. If a person is infected, this does not mean that he will immediately develop AIDS. The virus can remain in the body for ten years or more before a person experiences any symptoms of the disease. During this period, a person may look and feel completely healthy, but may still pass the virus on to others.
Thus:
- you can get HIV without even knowing it;
- You can pass HIV on to others without knowing it.
HIV is found in various biological fluids of the human body, but in varying quantities. The virus is found in concentrations sufficient to cause infection in blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Thus, for infection to occur, it is necessary:
- HIV entering the human body through biological fluids;
- the amount of HIV must be sufficient for infection.
The immunodeficiency virus can enter the human body in only three ways:
- Through blood. HIV can be transmitted through transfusions of blood or blood products from HIV-infected donors or through the use of unsterile, untreated medical equipment containing particles of infected blood. Currently, all blood products used to treat people are tested for virus content, and disposable medical instruments are used. This route of HIV transmission is also common among people who use intravenous drugs, as often a group of drug addicts shares a syringe and needle that are not treated in any way. Of course, when giving injections in medical institutions, disposable syringes should be used, and when giving blood transfusions, it must be checked. Infection of several children with HIV infection is on the conscience of medical personnel. However, a complete transition to disposable syringes and testing of donated blood still did not stop the spread of AIDS in Africa, Asia and Europe. The main route of transmission of the virus is sexual contact.
- Through sexual contact. HIV is transmitted from one person to another during unprotected sexual contact (without a condom) when sperm or vaginal secretions from an infected partner enter the body. The more people a person has sexual relations with, the higher the likelihood that he will end up with a partner who is HIV-positive.
- From mother to child. Transmission of the virus from an HIV-positive mother to her child can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Without treatment of the mother, the risk of infection is on average 20-45%, with the use of medications it is reduced to 10%. It is also possible to transmit HIV from child to mother during breastfeeding.
It is unnatural for a healthy person to connect his life with HIV-infected people...
Yes, there are such cases. For example, a girl is infected, a young man is not. This family wanted to have a child. Pregnancy itself affects the health of the expectant mother. Naturally, both childbirth and the postpartum period against the background of an immunodeficiency state also undermine the already fragile health of the mother. On the other hand, the husband knows that he takes responsibility. This is in the future - a sick wife and child, whose status parents will only be able to find out after a year and a half. This time is needed to find out whether the child was infected during pregnancy or childbirth.
WHAT FACTORS INCREASE THE RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO CHILD?
- No. 1, the presence of a large amount of virus in the mother’s blood; in later stages of the disease, it goes without saying that the likelihood of transmitting the infection to the fetus increases.
- No. 2, this is an exacerbation of chronic diseases in pregnant women and complications of pregnancy itself.
- No. 3, pathological changes in the placenta, duration of labor, long anhydrous period, etc.
According to world statistics, the risk of infection of a baby from an HIV-infected mother during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding is 30% if the woman has not received preventive treatment, and only 2% when undergoing antiviral therapy (chemoprophylaxis).
WHAT IS THIS PREVENTION?
A system of measures has been developed (it has been adopted, it works, and it brings results) to protect children from HIV infection. All pregnant women from a certain period receive therapy (the introduction of special drugs that help reduce the amount of virus in the mother’s blood). The drugs are very expensive, but women receive them for free.
Is it possible to become infected with the HIV virus through:
- blood - yes, blood is the first of the most important means of transfer
- sweat is the only fluid excreted by the body that does not contain any amount of the HIV virus.
- vomiting - contains a very low amount of virus, is dangerous only when in contact with our blood.
- tears - contain a very low amount of virus, dangerous only when in contact with our blood.
- saliva - contains a very low amount of virus, is dangerous only when in contact with our blood. For you to become infected, you must swallow 4 liters of saliva from the partner you kissed. There are acids in our stomach that destroy low amounts of the virus. But it is dangerous to kiss a person whose gums are bleeding.
- hair - no
- urine - contains a very low amount of virus, is dangerous only when in contact with our blood.
- skin - no, don’t be afraid to give your hand to a person who has AIDS. ·
- fluid in female genitalia is the second most dangerous means of infection
- Mother's milk is the third most dangerous means of infection. 30 percent of infants become infected from their sick mothers through their milk during feeding.
- feces - contains a very low amount of virus, dangerous only when in contact with our blood.
- sperm and fluid in the female genitalia is the most dangerous means of infection with the HIV virus; it contains a large amount of the HIV virus.
HIV infection is not transmitted:
By airborne droplets and through household contacts. It is impossible to become infected by sharing utensils, a toilet with an HIV-positive person, swimming in the same pool with him, or by greeting or hugging. There is a chance of infection through kissing only if blood is visible in the saliva. Saliva itself does not contain enough HIV to cause infection. HIV is also not carried by insects. All types of contacts are safe when there is no exchange of “dangerous” biological fluids of the human body. HIV is not transmitted by household contact. HIV can only reproduce inside the cells of the human body. Outside the human body, the virus quickly dies. That's why it is forbidden become infected through saliva, urine, sweat, tears, insect bites; using common objects, common dishes, swimming pool, toilet, bed linen.
Law “On preventing the spread of the disease caused by HIV on the territory of the Russian Federation”
There is a law in Russia “On preventing the spread of the disease caused by HIV in the Russian Federation” According to which every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to free and anonymous HIV testing. The person taking the test has the right to receive specialist advice. In Russia, the majority of HIV-infected people became infected during intravenous drug use. Without knowing that he is infected and without taking precautions when using drugs or having sexual intercourse, a person can transmit the infection to others.
Rights of an HIV-infected person:
An HIV-infected person has the same rights as any other person. Communication with an HIV-infected person is safe, so you should not refuse a relationship with a person just because he is infected. Maybe some of you will take care of these people in the future, it is a very rewarding job. If there were no such people, then AIDS patients would die in inhumane conditions, because over time they become completely helpless. They need our help and understanding, not rejection.
Since the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic in 1981, the best minds on the planet have been searching for a way to stop its invasion. Unfortunately, the problem of HIV infection is becoming increasingly relevant for Russia; doctors today are talking about an unprecedented increase in infection rates. Patients today place their hopes on virologists and pharmacologists.
Today there is an opportunity to significantly prolong the life and well-being of HIV-infected people. Currently medicine, capable of defeating HIV infection, Not found. Treatment HIV-infected sent to reduce the rate of reproduction of the virus in the human body and prevent development of the AIDS stage. If an infected person gets anti-HIV therapy, is observed by a doctor, leads a healthy lifestyle, follows a diet, rules of general hygiene, then he can prolong normal health and maintain good physical condition for many years.
Scientists have found that the HIV reproduction cycle has a number of vulnerabilities. It is they who are trying to influence antiviral drugs. For example, substances are obtained that prevent the virus from entering genes.
The first anti-AIDS drug appeared in 1986. It still remains the basic medicine for the treatment of HIV infections. Produced under the names Zidovudine, Retrovir, Timazid. However, the genes of the virus change quite quickly, as a result of which HIV develops resistance to the action of the drug. Already by 1992, enough evidence had accumulated indicating that the effect of AZT, unfortunately, was temporary.
The same problem has arisen with more modern drugs. Currently, doctors recommend combination treatment with antiviral substances with different mechanisms of action.
Prevention
A person can avoid contracting HIV infection by changing their behavior to safer ones:
- do not use drugs, especially intravenously;
- do not begin sexual activity in early adolescence just to prove your “maturity”;
- avoid promiscuous sexual intercourse;
- use disposable and sterile instruments for medical procedures;
- do not use other people’s razors or manicure sets;
- Take care of your health, keep your body clean, which will protect you from many diseases.
Conclusion
As we saw from the material above, HIV/AIDS is a very serious disease that currently has no specific therapy. Having studied this material, we were able to see how dangerous and ruthless this virus is, how terrible the course of the disease and its consequences are. As doctors say: “It is better to prevent a disease than to treat it” - we all must know preventive measures and everyone must contribute to this work, i.e. notify everyone, your friends, relatives, acquaintances about this problem.
Only public education can curb the spread of AIDS. R. Gallo said: “The advent of this disease means the end of a permissive society, a society in which relationships with multiple partners are common, unchecked by fear of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. We were unprepared for the rapid evolution of viruses that attack immune cells, so we cannot succeed in creating antiviral vaccines.”
