September 21, 1993 Yeltsin a coup d'etat took place. In accordance with the Constitution and the opinion of the Constitutional Court, Yeltsin and power ministers are legally suspended from their duties. Rutskoy and the new ministers took up their statutory duties. The defenders of the parliament had practically no weapons! In total, automatic weapons were issued: 74 AKS-74U, 5 RPK-74. Starting September 24th, Yeltsin almost every night he tried to organize an armed assault on the parliament; the massacre was postponed and postponed to the next night due to circumstances beyond his control.
The first official warning that an assault on the "White House" would be undertaken in case of refusal to comply was issued on September 24th. On the same day, the 10th (extraordinary) Congress of People's Deputies decided on the simultaneous re-election of deputies and the president no later than March 1994.
The Russian House of Soviets was surrounded by " Bruno's spiral”, submachine gunners and armored personnel carriers, a complete blockade of the parliament was carried out: on September 21, all types of communications were turned off, on September 23, electricity, heat and hot water were turned off, on September 28, the entrance of people and the entry of vehicles, the supply of food and medicines were completely blocked (for example, on September 27), they did not let ambulances through, even to people with such diagnoses as, for example, “acute cerebrovascular accident” (27.09), “fracture of the cervical spine” (28.09), “unstable angina pectoris” (1.10). The temperature in the building dropped below 8 degrees, on the street during the day - up to -9 and -12 degrees Celsius.
“Conclusions: In medical terms, the emergency in the White House did not arise on October 4, but on September 27, when several thousand people, due to their beliefs, did not leave the besieged area, were on duty at the barricades around the clock in any weather, deprived of basic amenities due to power outages , communications, heating, subjected to constant nervous and physical strain, turned out to be deprived of the right to medical care by the will of the leadership of the Main Medical Directorate of Moscow and CEMP. We can't call it anything but malfeasance. We affirm that if the State Medical University and CEMP organized the timely delivery of medicines, the necessary honey. equipment, organized constant duty in the cordon zone, and not outside, ambulance crews, even if they were simply neutral in helping the victims, the number of victims during the events of October 3-4 would be much less. (Information material on the state of medical support for the defenders of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation from September 21 to October 4, 1993. From a report prepared by doctors of the Rescue Center of the I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy)
On September 29, the government of the Russian Federation and Moscow issued an ultimatum - everyone should leave the House of Soviets by October 4, otherwise there would be "serious consequences." On September 30, 62 constituent entities of the Federation supported the parliament and presented Yeltsin with an ultimatum demanding simultaneous re-elections. The decisive meeting of the Council of Federations is scheduled for 18.00 on October 3rd. The continuation of negotiations under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church was scheduled for 16:00 on October 3.
Yeltsin spoke out against the idea of early simultaneous re-elections. Chernomyrdin also refused the demand for a peaceful solution, stating that they had "another solution." Solution shoot parliament by October 4 was taken between September 29 and 30, preparations were made openly. September 30th Shakhrai appointed as team leader legal support Decree No. 1400 with instructions to complete the work by October 4. October 1 Poltoranin sent a letter to the editors-in-chief with an order-requirement "to treat with understanding the measures that the President will take on October 4th" and "not to dramatize their possible consequences." On the afternoon of October 3, at the direction of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, telephone messages were received from the Main Medical Directorate of Moscow about the planned admission of the wounded to all hospitals in Moscow.
A specially prepared provocation was supposed to justify the execution of the parliament; by order of “acting peer" MVD officers were entrusted with a stick war provoke demonstrators to retaliatory violence. On October 3, from a third to half a million unarmed citizens came out in support of the parliament from October Square in Moscow. The demonstrators marched in an organized column to the White House and Ostankino. After the demonstrators broke through to the White House, machine-gun fire was opened on people on the front stairs and at the 20th entrance of the parliament. The machine gunners of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the mayor's office, by order, went on the attack on the "White House". Shooting from the City Hall and the Mir Hotel at the door of the White House killed 7 people and wounded 34. This was the first mass execution and the beginning of the storming of Parliament. The unforeseen pause at 3 p.m. was caused both by the fact that two companies of the Sofrino brigade, together with 200 OMSDON servicemen, went over to the side of the parliament, and decisive action demonstrators.
At 3 pm on October 3, Yerin ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to open fire to kill hundreds of thousands of unarmed people. At 4 p.m. Yeltsin signed Decree No. 1575 and freed the army from criminal liability for violations of the law, but Grachev ordered the army units to join the executioners from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Execution of supporters of Parliament was sanctioned by Yeltsin and the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and everything that followed from 16.00 on October 3 no longer mattered.
At 16.05 after shelling the parliament and killing the first people Rutskoy gave the order to storm the city hall and march to Ostankino. City Hall (from the moment the first demonstrator entered its doors) was taken without a shot being fired. On October 3, a categorical order was in effect Rutsky And Achalova about non-use of weapons. Bloodshed in City Hall was averted thanks to Makashov. The road to Ostankino was blocked by superior armed units of the Dzerzhinsky division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on trucks and armored personnel carriers. A motorcade of demonstrators stopped in front of them. By order of the commander of the VV A.S. Kulikova This convoy was voluntarily let through by the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The Ministry of Internal Affairs knew that there were only two dozen people with weapons in the column.
Having missed the column at Ostankino, near Chekhov Street, the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on trucks and 10 Vityaz armored personnel carriers overtook the column of demonstrators and went ahead into an ambush at Ostankino, where they were located behind the technical center building. Near the Ostankino television center on October 3, from 17.45 to 19.10, a peaceful rally was going on for an hour and a half demanding that the parliament be aired. No attempts were made to storm or penetrate the television center building by the demonstrators. Despite the requirement Makashova enter into negotiations Bragin didn't show up. Demonstrators with official credentials warned everyone about the responsibility for any shot, paying special attention to the special forces. They were informed that there was an unarmed demonstration of two hundred thousand people. Makashov guaranteed the commander of the Vityaz armored personnel carrier group that not a single shot would be fired by the demonstrators.
By the beginning of the execution, there were less than 4,000 unarmed demonstrators in Ostankino, who arrived by car, they were guarded by 18 armed people. The television center was guarded by 25 armored personnel carriers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and more than 510 (690) submachine gunners of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. At about 19.00, the leadership of the police guard of the ASK-3 technical center, on their own initiative, entered into negotiations, where they announced Makashov about readiness to pass under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Council and transfer the technical center to its official representatives. The police officer was seized on the street by an officer of Dzerzhinsky's division and kept by force in the building of the technical center. The Vityaz special forces opposing the police avoided negotiations. After the truck rammed entrance doors to the technical center, general Makashov without weapons, one went out into the lobby for negotiations. He suggested that the commandos not interfere with the legitimate authorities and gave them time to freely leave the building. Sternly warned about the inadmissibility of any shot.
The first shot at Ostankino was fired from the roof of the TV center ASK-1 special forces "Vityaz"! They fired without warning. The order to open fire was personally given by Major General VV Pavel Golubets. A demonstrator at the entrance to the ASK-3 technical center was seriously wounded by a shot. The police of the technical center from the end of the building for the second time announced their transition to the side of the parliament and called Makashova. Two minutes after the first shot, special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the ASK-3 hall threw two or three grenades at the feet of the crowd and, in a coordinated manner, began to shoot people on Korolev Street from two buildings. From the technical center they fired to kill from a machine gun and machine guns, from the roof of the television center four machine gunners fired. A group of people at the entrance to ASK-3 was completely destroyed only one person survived.
Of the armed guards of the motorcade, more than half were killed on the spot, the survivors left Ostankino through the grove during a lull by 21.00. Makashov did not give an order to return fire, and none of the demonstrators fired. The shooting of the soldiers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at unarmed people, the wounded and the orderlies continued until the approach of the two hundred thousandth peaceful demonstration. Shooting at emerging and moving targets at night in conditions of limited visibility - the head of the shooting at the site - lieutenant colonel Lysyuk. After the execution of the demonstrators near the ASK-3 (technical center) building, a two hundred thousandth column of unarmed demonstrators from Oktyabrskaya Square approached the building of the ASK-1 television center. The peaceful demonstration was met with machine-gun and machine-gun bursts point-blank.
Six delegates-demonstrators from the officers and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs came out to negotiate with the "Vityaz" and demanded an immediate ceasefire, explaining that only unarmed people were on the street. The "Knights" ceased fire for half an hour and, as a condition for the continuation of negotiations, put forward a demand that everyone go beyond the fence of the television center building. As soon as the deceived people went beyond the fence, they were methodically shot from small arms and armored personnel carriers. The execution continued until 5.45 on October 4th. Single shots were heard until 12.00. They shot the wounded, and the orderlies, and the ambulances. The assault and shooting of the parliament on October 4, 1993 began suddenly, without any announcement or prior warning. The attackers did not make any proposals to surrender or withdraw women and children from the building. No ultimatums on capitulation were issued to Parliament. About 40 unarmed people were killed in the first bursts from the armored personnel carrier.
According to Rutsky, in the "White House" at the time of the attack there were up to 10 thousand people, including women and children. repeated demands Rutsky to cease fire on the "White House" and to give an opportunity to withdraw women and children from the building of the House of Soviets to the stormers, they did not have any action - the fire did not stop for 10 hours! During this time, the leaders of the action did not make a single offer to surrender to the people being shot in the House of Soviets, they were not given the opportunity to take women and children out of the fire, which they had to do under fire, with losses.
On October 4, armored vehicles and troops were sent to shoot the parliament with an unprecedented and unjustified advantage: For each machine gun of the defenders of parliament, exactly three units of armored vehicles were thrown into battle - two cannons and two tank machine guns each (one heavy machine gun and one machine gun Kalashnikov), one sniper each. To kill an individual child, a woman or a man in the House of Soviets was assigned to a whole platoon or squad of drunk machine gunners. Only about 121-145 people did not give up and escaped alive from the "White House", of which about 71 (95) people went out through underground communications on October 4 and 5 in different directions, about 50 people broke through the top of the 4- th October in the direction of Krasnopresnenskaya metro station.
There is no statute of limitations on murders! On October 4th, the order Erina-Kulikova(Ministry of Internal Affairs), Grachev(My Barsukova(GUO): - destroy those in the "White House"! Orders for total destruction and shooting to kill were openly transmitted by radio by the commanders of the assault. Badgers officially ordered Alpha to destroy those in the White House, Grachev- tankers, Tula and Tamans, Erin- OMON and Dzerzhinsk. Korzhakov already after the withdrawal of the prisoners to the stairs of the White House, he publicly demanded the execution of the defenders of parliament: “ I have an order - to eliminate everyone who is in uniform!
After the deputies left with Alfa, this order was exactly carried out. All the remaining defenders of the parliament were destroyed, with the exception of those arrested on the afternoon of October 5 in the basement - four policemen of the OSN Department of Security and several local workers, as well as sixteen defenders from the barrier of the 14th entrance (arrested at 3.30 on October 5 on the 6th floor of the "White House" ). The bodies of the executed were secretly removed and destroyed.
The proof that the order was carried out is that, according to the official data, not a single wounded and not a single corpse was found in the parliament building. Those who were killed on the street, collected by medical teams, were officially declared dead in the "White House" Yu. Kholkhin and A. Shestakov. Recognizing the fact of the massacre of the people who remained in the "White House" and the fact of the secret removal and burial of their bodies, it is impossible to answer the question of the exact number of people killed without a special investigation. In any case, it's about hundreds of people shot in the White House building.
October 3-5 Mercenaries Yeltsin died only from their own bullets! Almost all of the dead, according to official figures, from among those who shot the parliament or demonstrators in Ostankino, were killed by units Erina(MVD) and Barsukova(GUO). Official data on the losses and number of troops involved in the coup d'état and massacres: GUO (18,000) - only 1 killed: killed by a sniper of the GUO of the Russian Federation from the premises completely controlled by the GUO and the Ministry of Internal Affairs! MO (more than 9,000) - a total of 6 killed, of which 6 were killed by Yeltsin's units (1 - OMON, 1 - MVD from an armored personnel carrier, 3 - GUO, 1 - taken "captive" and, apparently, shot by order of the commanders of the MVD or the GUO )! Ministry of Internal Affairs and VV (more than 40,000) - a total of 5 killed (and one mortally wounded), of which 3 were killed or died due to the fault of Yeltsin's units, 2 - not established, 1 - together with the entire crew of the armored personnel carrier was destroyed from a grenade launcher 119 pdp.
The defenders of parliament practically did not shoot! Not a single one who died from their bullets is known! The circumstances of the death of only 2 military personnel - mercenaries - have not been clarified.
Yeltsin's decree No. 1400 is an act coup d'état!!!
The truth about the 1993 White House shooting
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Eighteen years ago, something happened in our country that later began to be called differently: a rebellion, a coup, a “black October” ... A lot of words. Empty and meaningless. But the essence is the same: in the fall of 1993, a bloody coup d'état took place in Russia, for which none of the perpetrators has so far answered even morally.
We are talking about the tragic events of September 21 - October 5, 1993. Many still gnaw at one question: why? After all, this is not something that could have been avoided - it could not have started at all. But someone stubbornly fueled that conflict between the branches of power. Who?
I address my question to a well-known Russian politician, a deputy of the Supreme Council - the highest parliamentary body of Russia in the 1990s, a direct participant in those bloody events, who almost became a victim of them - Sergei Baburin. Here's what he said:
It was obvious: Yeltsin did not need civil peace. Just not needed. For one simple reason: he wanted power. Absolute power. And his entourage wanted the freedom to steal as much as he wanted. And they really wanted to. Parliament interfered. And they decided to just eliminate it. From the Kremlin, then, provocation followed provocation. Rudeness after rudeness. Already in May, Yeltsin openly announced that he was going to "deal with" the Supreme Soviet, and began "artillery preparation" on it ...
In practice, this meant a stream of dirt on all channels of television, massive brainwashing and an outburst of such monstrous disgusting propaganda that I personally still feel sick. I have never seen this before or since. Freed from Soviet-style censorship, the media, corrupt political scientists, and other “free-thinking” citizens demonstrated an example of demoschizoid propaganda, which the language does not dare to call “democratic”. By the way, many of these Yeltsin apologists still pretend to be the "conscience of the nation", are members of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, teach us how to live and build a civil society...
Yeltsin was afraid of the army. Then I was still afraid. And he was not sure that at the decisive moment she would fulfill the order. Therefore, he: a) first of all decided to rely on the internal troops; b) called mercenaries from abroad. These are the second most interesting ones. Do you know the word "Beitar"? Let me explain: "Beitar" ("Union named after Joseph Trumpeldor") is a Zionist semi-terrorist organization created in 1923 in Riga (founder Zeev Jabotinsky). In practice, they engage in political terror.
By official version the first shooting began near Ostankino at about seven o'clock in the evening. In fact, as testified by the participants in these events, who were subjected to merciless reprisals by forces loyal to Yeltsin, the first execution of the demonstrators took place at 15.30 near the city hall. Machine-gun fire from the windows of Luzhkov's administration and automatic fire from its porch were opened at the people who had gathered for a rally near the front entrance of the White House. Almost immediately after that, at 15.45, machine-gun fire was opened at the people who had gathered at the 20th entrance of the White House from the windows of the Mir Hotel (the headquarters of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate and military unit 3111 were located there). 7 people were killed. Here are those who gave the order to shoot at unarmed people: the commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, General Kulikov A.S. (later the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and a deputy of the State Duma) and the head of the Moscow police department, General Pankratov V.I.
Do you know what the balance of forces of Ostankino was there? From the side of Makashov: 4,000 unarmed demonstrators, 18 submachine gunners and one grenade launcher (given to guard the column). Well, plus Makashov himself also with a gun.
Question: what can be stormed with such forces? ..
But how was the television center guarded? Eyewitnesses testify: 25 armored personnel carriers with the emblems of the Vityaz division and from 500 to 700 machine gunners of the Dzerzhinsky division. Plus regular security.
Could military general Makashov give people an order to storm with such a ratio (how excitedly the pro-Yeltsin media lied)?
The fire was heavy and cross. Initially, machine guns and machine guns fired from the windows of ASK-1 and ASK-3. Five minutes after the start of the execution, the Vityaz armored personnel carriers drove into the square, blocking the escape routes, and began to shoot unarmed people from heavy turret machine guns. They killed everyone. There are witnesses of how the lieutenant of the "Vityaz" gave the order to shoot at close range the arrived ambulance brigade. Paramedic Pavel Alexandrovich Shlykov, born in 1972, died. The rest received various injuries.
Now back to the official data. According to them, about 40 people died on the square in front of Ostankino. Recall for comparison, in December 1989, during the revolution in Romania, Ceausescu's troops opened fire in exactly the same way from the same armored personnel carriers on exactly the same crowd. The number of victims then went off scale for several hundred. Who here imagines what, so to speak, "bullets" fly out of the barrel of an armored personnel carrier? Such a "bullet" pierces through any crowd. So the official data is very, very deliberately underestimated.
At 5 am on October 4, Yeltsin issued Decree No. 1578. According to him, General Kulikov, who had just been appointed commandant of Moscow, received powers that were not limited by anything. What did this mean in practice? Guess yourself. In the city, in fact, all laws were abolished. Internal troops got the right to kill. Kill uncontrollably and unlimitedly. And they killed... They killed, they killed, they killed...
By six o'clock in the morning, the remnants of the defenders of parliament took refuge in the White House building.
The snipers began by opening fire on units that were on Yeltsin's side. What for? And Yeltsin, as mentioned above, did not trust the warriors. And so they decided to stimulate them. Kill a couple of officers and blame everything on the "rebels". The fire was fired from the roofs of houses already occupied by the GDO forces, and (attention!!!) from the roof of the American embassy! On which, according to various versions, a helicopter stood under steam for several hours - to save Yeltsin: in case his plan failed).
And now I will give the main official data. The number of deaths on October 3-5, 1993. Judging by what the television is telling us, there were from 142 to 147 people. Well, let's see if this is true. Around 7.30 am, the first assault on the building begins. The balance of power is as follows: there are about 10,000 people in the White House. They have 62 machine guns, several grenade launchers and Molotov cocktails.
Against the White House exposed: from the side of the Ministry of Defense: 185 units of armored vehicles, incl. 80 armored personnel carriers, 10 (T-72 and T-80), 60 BMD, 20 BMP, 15 BRDM; from the side of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: 61 units of armored vehicles, incl. 26 armored personnel carriers, 25 BMP-2s and 10 special vehicles.
In total, 4 armored vehicles per machine gun. And now it is certainly established that on October 4, 102 sniper rifles. In addition, at the time of the execution of the parliament, up to 20,000 soldiers of the Ministry of Defense and internal troops were concentrated around its building.
The assault began without any announcement or prior warning. No proposals were made to surrender or remove women and children from the building. The fire on the building, with brief stops, was conducted for about 10 hours using all types of small arms, artillery and helicopters. And what is most mockingly cynical, this wild bloody bacchanalia in live was broadcast by many world TV channels, including in Russia ...
So what kind of assault can we talk about? Is it even possible to use the word "storm" here? Where it is more appropriate to use the words "massacre", "reprisal", "massacre" ... Mass murder of their own citizens. During this, so to speak, "storm" in the parliament building, according to eyewitnesses and a number of independent experts, up to one and a half thousand people were killed. According to the same sources, up to three hundred people died near Ostankino.
There was something else. Something so shameful and disgusting that it will never be recognized by the current servants of the people. It will not be because in this case, some of them will not be saved by any amnesty.
I'm talking about the extrajudicial executions of captured compatriots.
Witnesses to these shootings are still alive and can testify. Among them: deputies of the Supreme Council S. Baburin, I. Shashiashvili, O. Rumyantsev, S. Umalatova and others; police lieutenant colonel M.V. Rutskoi (brother of Alexander Rutskoi). And others who then miraculously managed to survive. According to their testimonies, officers of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Main Directorate for Defense and Beitar mercenaries bypassed the line of prisoners and those who had traces of gunpowder on their hands were taken away in an unknown direction. Moreover, several times the Beytarites soon returned and said that people had died while trying to escape. The bodies were stored under a humpbacked bridge.
There is a whole bunch of medical reports that say that people were killed point-blank, shot in the back of the head.
There is information about the soldiers of the Dzerzhinsky division who went over to the side of the Supreme Council. There was also information about larger military formations that moved to help the parliament ... They are all gone. During the "assault" the attackers received orders from men in uniform to kill on the spot. Later, when TV showed the funeral of the Dzerzhinsk fighters who died “in battles with the rebels,” the members of the White House defense identified these officers and soldiers in the coffins, who were alive and well at the time of laying down their arms. Here are the names of some: Major Gritsyuk S.A., privates Petrov O.M. and Lobov Yu.V. Requests to the competent authorities to clarify the circumstances of their death remained unanswered. ...Then the cleaning of the catacombs under the building began. There are testimonies of people who miraculously escaped from there. According to them, almost everyone who was there was shot on the spot. Some of the dungeons were flooded along with people. This was done by order of the newly appointed commandant of the White House, General Arkady Baskaev. The bodies were stockpiled in a bomb shelter bunker. Later they were taken out through the passage to the subway line.
According to an independent investigation conducted in 1994-95, the direct, direct responsibility for the massacre of prisoners is borne by:
General of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Romanov (OMON and the consolidated company of OMSDON);
Generals Rushailo and Pankratov, as well as the ex-mayor of Moscow Luzhkov Yu.M. (subdivisions of the RUOP GUVD of Moscow);
Generals Korzhakov and Barsukov (regiment of the presidential guard);
Colonel SVA Kotenev (who oversaw the Beitar mercenaries).
The reader can get acquainted with the result of this investigation in the book "Anathema". Author Ivan Ivanov. The name is fictitious. As far as I know, several people worked under this pseudonym at once. Read it people! I haven't given even a tenth of what is written there.
P.S. Do you know what really shocked me then? The position of our liberal intelligentsia. The conscience of the nation, so to speak. Some of them just beamed with joy. Bulat Okudzhava, so he did say: "I enjoyed this spectacle." After that, the actor Gostyukhin came to his concert in Minsk, broke it in front of the public and threw his records in Okudzhava's face ...
Based on all open sources of information, we tried to find out to within a few minutes what happened in the center of Moscow 20 years ago.
16:00 Moscow time. A man in camouflage told reporters. That he is a member of the Alpha Special Forces and will enter the White House to begin negotiations for the surrender of its defenders.
15:50 Moscow time. Looks like the fight is over. Leaflets titled "The Testament of the White House Defenders" are scattered around the White House. The message says: “Now that you are reading this letter, we are no longer among the living. Our bullet-riddled bodies are burning within the walls of the White House."
“We truly loved Russia and wished to restore order in the country. So that all people have equal rights and obligations, so that it is forbidden for everyone to break the law, regardless of position. We had no plans to escape abroad.”
“Forgive us. We also forgive everyone, even the boy soldiers who were sent to shoot at us. It's not their fault. But we will never forgive this diabolical gang that has sat on the neck of Russia. We believe that in the end our Motherland will be freed from this burden.”
15:30 Moscow time. Troops loyal to President Yeltsin resumed shelling the White House.
15:00 Moscow time. Special forces "Alpha" and "Vympel" were ordered to storm the White House. However, the command states that they will continue negotiations for some time, trying to convince the defenders of the building to surrender.
14:57 Moscow time. White House defenders say they have no idea what kind of snipers sat on the roof.
According to former first Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR Andrei Dunaev, in front of his eyes a police officer was shot dead by a sniper. “We ran to the roof, from where a shot was heard, but there was no one there. Judging by the way it all happened, neither the KGB nor the Ministry of Internal Affairs were to blame. Someone else did it, maybe even a foreign intelligence agent, ”Dunaev suggested.
14:55 Moscow time. One of the officers of the Alpha group was killed by a sniper.
“One of our fighters, a young lieutenant Gennady Sergeev, died. His group drove up to the White House in an infantry fighting vehicle. A wounded soldier was lying on the pavement, he had to be evacuated. However, at that very moment, a sniper shot Sergeyev in the back. But the shot wasn't from the White House, that's for sure. This shameful murder had only one goal - to provoke Alpha so that the fighters broke into the building and killed everyone there, ”said Gennady Zaitsev, commander of the Alpha group.
14:50 UTC Unidentified snipers fire indiscriminately into the crowd around the White House. Yeltsin supporters, policemen, and ordinary people. Two journalists and a woman were killed, two soldiers were wounded.
14:00 Brief lull at the White House. Several of the building's defenders came out to surrender.
13:00: According to former people's deputy Vyacheslav Kotelnikov, there have already been many victims on different floors of the White House in Moscow.
“When I walked from one floor of the building to another, I was immediately struck by how much blood, dead and mutilated bodies were everywhere. Some of them were beheaded, others had their limbs cut off. These people died when tanks started firing at the White House. However, pretty soon this picture ceased to shock me, because I had to do my job.
12:00: Fund " Public opinion organized a telephone survey of Muscovites. As it turned out, 72% of respondents supported President Yeltsin, 9% were on the side of the parliament. 19% of the respondents refused to answer the questions.
11:40 a.m.: Due to the uncoordinated actions of the police cordons, several teenagers managed to break into the parking lot in front of the White House. Aggressive young people tried to take possession of the weapons thrown by the wounded. This was announced by the commander of the Taman division. Several cars were also stolen.
11:30 am: 192 injured needed medical attention. 158 of them were hospitalized, 19 subsequently died in hospitals.
11:25 a.m.: Heavy gunfire resumed in front of the building. The ceasefire agreement was violated. At the same time, people remained in the White House.
11:06: Crowds of people gathered on Smolenskaya Embankment and Novy Arbat to watch the storming of the Supreme Council. It was not possible to disperse onlookers of militia. According to photographer Dmitry Borko, there were many teenagers and women with children in the crowd. They stood in close proximity to the building and seemed not to care about their safety at all. 11:00 a.m.: A ceasefire is declared to allow women and children to leave the White House.
10:00 a.m.: White House defenders say there are many dead in the building as a result of tank fire.
“When the tanks started firing, I was on the 6th floor,” said one of the eyewitnesses of the events. - There were many civilians. All are unarmed. I thought that after the shelling, the soldiers would break into the building and tried to find some kind of weapon. I opened the door of the room where a shell had recently exploded, but I could not enter: everything was covered in blood and strewn with body fragments.
09:45: Supporters of President Yeltsin use megaphones to urge White House defenders to stop resistance. "Drop your weapons. Give up. Otherwise, you will be destroyed." These calls are repeated over and over again.
09:20: Tanks shell the upper floors of the White House from the Kalininsky Bridge (now the Novoarbatsky Bridge). Six T-80 tanks fired 12 volleys at the building.
“The first volley destroyed the conference room, the second - Khasbulatov's office, the third - my office,” said Alexander Rutskoi, former vice president and one of the leaders of the White House defenders. - I was in the room when a shell flew through the window. It exploded in the right corner of the room. Luckily my desk was in the left corner. I ran out in complete shock. I don't know how I even survived."
9:15 am: The Supreme Soviet is completely cordoned off by troops loyal to President Yeltsin. They also occupied several adjacent buildings. The building is constantly fired from machine guns.
09:05: President Boris Yeltsin broadcasts a televised address in which he called the events taking place in Moscow a "planned coup" organized by communist revanchists, fascist leaders, some former deputies, representatives of the Soviets.
“Those who are waving red flags have again stained Russia with blood. They hoped for surprise, that their arrogance and unparalleled cruelty would sow fear and confusion,” Yeltsin said.
The President assured the Russians that “the armed fascist-communist rebellion in Moscow will be suppressed at the earliest as soon as possible. For this, the Russian state has the necessary forces.”
09:00: White House defenders return fire to shots from presidential supporters. As a result of the shelling, a fire started on the 12th and 13th floors of the building.
08:00: BMPs opened aimed fire on the White House.
07:50: Gunfire breaks out in a park adjacent to the White House.
07:45: Injured White House defenders and dead bodies are moved to one of the building's lobbies.
“I saw about 50 wounded. They lay in rows on the floor in the lobby. Most likely, there were also the bodies of the dead. The faces of those lying in the front rows were covered,” recalled Nikolai Grigoriev, a surgeon and former Minister of Health of Chuvashia, who actually directed the makeshift medical unit of the besieged Supreme Soviet.
07:35: White House security personnel are called to leave the building.
07:25: Five BMPs destroyed the barricades erected by the White House defenders and took up positions on the Free Russia Square - directly in front of the building.
07:00: Gunfire continues outside the White House. Police captain Alexander Ruban was mortally wounded, who was filming everything that was happening from the balcony of the Ukraine Hotel.
06:50: The first shots are heard near the White House in the center of Moscow.
“We were alerted at 06:45. Still sleepy, we ran out of the building and immediately came under fire. We lay down on the ground. Bullets and shells whistled just ten meters from us, ”said one of the defenders of the White House, Galina N.
Dispersal of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet Russian Federation
(also known as " White House shooting», « The shooting of the House of Soviets», « October uprising 1993», « Decree 1400», « October Putsch», "Yeltsin's coup of 1993") - an internal political conflict in the Russian Federation on September 21 - October 4, 1993. Occurred as a result of the constitutional crisis that has been developing since 1992.
The result of the confrontation was the forcible termination of the Soviet model of power in Russia that had existed since 1917, accompanied by armed clashes on the streets of Moscow and subsequent uncoordinated actions of the troops, during which at least 157 people died and 384 were injured (124 of them on October 3 and 4 , 348 wounded).
The crisis was the result of a confrontation between two political forces: on the one hand, the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin (see the All-Russian referendum on April 25, 1993), the government headed by Viktor Chernomyrdin, part of the people's deputies and members of the Supreme Council - supporters of the president, and on the other hand - opponents of the socio-economic policy of the president and the government: Vice-President Alexander Rutskoy, the main part of the people's deputies and members of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, headed by Ruslan Khasbulatov, the majority of which was the Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Fatherland faction "(radical communists, retired military and deputies of a socialist orientation), "Agrarian Union", the deputy group "Russia", led by the initiator of the unification of communist and nationalist parties, Sergei Baburin.
Events began on September 21 with the issuance by President B. N. Yeltsin of Decree No. 1400 on the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council, which violated the Constitution in force at that time. Immediately after the issuance of this decree, Yeltsin was de jure automatically removed from the presidency in accordance with Article 121.6 of the current constitution. The Presidium of the Supreme Council, which was in charge of monitoring the observance of the constitution, which met on the same day, stated this legal fact. The Congress of People's Deputies confirmed this decision and assessed the president's actions as a coup d'état. However, Boris Yeltsin de facto continued to exercise the powers of the President of Russia.
A significant role in the tragic outcome was played by the personal ambitions of the Chairman of the Supreme Council Ruslan Khasbulatov, expressed in his unwillingness to conclude compromise agreements with the administration of Boris Yeltsin during the conflict, as well as Boris Yeltsin himself, who, after signing Decree No. 1400, refused to talk directly with Khasbulatov even by phone.
According to the conclusion of the State Duma Commission, a significant role in aggravating the situation was played by the actions of the Moscow police to disperse rallies and demonstrations in support of the Supreme Council and detain their active participants from September 27 to October 2, 1993, which in some cases took on the character of mass beatings of demonstrators with the use of special equipment.
From October 1, with the mediation of Patriarch Alexy II, under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, negotiations were held between the warring parties, at which it was proposed to work out a “zero option” - simultaneous re-elections of the president and people's deputies. The continuation of these negotiations, scheduled for 16:00 on October 3, did not take place due to the mass riots that began in Moscow, an armed attack by a group of defenders of the Supreme Council led by Albert Makashov on conscription and. about. President Alexander Rutskoy on the city hall building and the departure of a group of armed supporters of the Supreme Council on stolen army trucks to the Ostankino television center.
Opinions on the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation headed by V. D. Zorkin differ: in the opinion of the judges themselves and supporters of the Congress, he remained neutral; according to Yeltsin's side, he participated on the side of the Congress.
The investigation of the events was not completed, the investigation team was disbanded after the State Duma decided in February 1994 on an amnesty for persons who participated in the events of September 21 - October 4, 1993, related to the issuance of Decree N 1400, and opposed its implementation, regardless of the qualification of actions under the articles of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. As a result, society still does not have unambiguous answers to a number of key questions about the tragic events that took place - in particular, about the role of political leaders who spoke on both sides, about the affiliation of snipers who fired on civilians and police officers, actions of provocateurs, about who is to blame for the tragic denouement.
There are only versions of the participants and eyewitnesses of the events, the investigator of the dissolved investigation group, publicists and the commission of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, headed by communist Tatyana Astrakhankina, who arrived in Moscow from Rzhev at the end of September 1993 to protect the House of Soviets, which her party comrades, in particular Alexei Podberyozkin, called "orthodox".
In accordance with the new Constitution, adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 and in force with some changes to the present day, the President of the Russian Federation received significantly broader powers than under the 1978 Constitution in force at that time (as amended in 1989-1992). The post of vice-president of the Russian Federation was eliminated.
Outcome
The victory of President Yeltsin, the elimination of the post of vice president, the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, the termination of the activities of the Councils of People's Deputies. The establishment of a presidential republic as a form of government in Russia to replace the previously existing Soviet republic.
President of Russia
Council of Ministers of Russia
Administration of the President of Russia
Supporters of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin:
Democratic Russia
living ring
August-91
Public-patriotic association of volunteers - defenders of the White House in August 1991 in support of democratic reforms "Detachment" Russia ""
Democratic Union
Union of Afghanistan Veterans
Taman division
Kantemirovskaya division
119th Guards Airborne Regiment
Separate motorized rifle division of special purpose named after. Dzerzhinsky
1st detachment of special forces of the internal troops "Vityaz".
Congress of People's Deputies of Russia
Supreme Soviet of Russia
Vice President of Russia
Supporters of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation, including:
- National Salvation Front (FTS)
- « Russian national unity» ( RNE, named leader also " Barkashovtsy», « Guard Barkashov»)
- "Labor Russia" and others.
Commanders from Boris Yeltsin's side -
Boris Yeltsin
Viktor Chernomyrdin
Yegor Gaidar
Pavel Grachev
Victor Erin
Valery Evnevich
Alexander Korzhakov
Anatoly Kulikov
Boris Polyakov
Sergey Lysyuk
Nikolay Golushko
White House Commanders (for Soviet power):
Alexander Rutskoy,
Ruslan Khasbulatov
Alexander Barkashov
Vladislav Achalov
Stanislav Terekhov
Albert Makashov
Victor Anpilov
Viktor Barannikov
Andrey Dunaev
Citizens who died as a result of the storming of the House of Soviets and mass executions in the area of the House of Soviets on October 4-5, 1993
1. Abakhov Valentin Alekseevich
2. Abrashin Alexey Anatolyevich
3. Adamlyuk Oleg Yuzefovich
4. Alyonkov Sergey Mikhailovich
5. Artamonov Dmitry Nikolaevich
6. Boyarsky Evgeny Stanislavovich
7. Britov Vladimir Petrovich
8. Bronyus Jurgelenis Junot
9. Bykov Vladimir Ivanovich
10. Valevich Victor Ivanovich
11. Roman Verevkin
12. Vinogradov Evgeny Alexandrovich
13. Vorobyov Alexander Veniaminovich
14. Vylkov Vladimir Yurievich
15. Gulin Andrey Konstantinovich
16. Devonissky Alexey Viktorovich
17. Demidov Yuri Ivanovich
18. Andrey Deniskin
19. Denisov Roman Vladimirovich
20. Duz Sergey Vasilyevich
21. Evdokimenko Valentin Ivanovich
22. Egovtsev Yuri Leonidovich
23. Ermakov Vladimir Alexandrovich
24. Zhilka Vladimir Vladimirovich
25. Ivanov Oleg Vladimirovich
26. Kalinin Konstantin Vladimirovich
27. Katkov Viktor Ivanovich
28. Klimov Yuri Petrovich
29. Klyuchnikov Leonid Alexandrovich
30. Kovalev Viktor Alekseevich
31. Kozlov Dmitry Valerievich
32. Kudryashev Anatoly Mikhailovich
33. Kurgin Mikhail Alekseevich
34. Kurennoy Anatoly Nikolaevich
35. Kurysheva Marina Vladimirovna
36. Leybin Yury Viktorovich
37. Livshits Igor Elizarovich
38. Manevich Anatoly Naumovich
39. Marchenko Dmitry Valerievich
40. Matyukhin Kirill Viktorovich
41. Morozov Anatoly Vasilievich
42. Mosharov Pavel Anatolievich
43. Nelyubov Sergey Vladimirovich
44. Obukh Dmitry Valerievich
45. Pavlov Vladimir Anatolievich
46. Panteleev Igor Vladimirovich
47. Papin Igor Vyacheslavovich
48. Parnyugin Sergey Ivanovich
49. Peskov Yuri Evgenievich
50. Pestryakov Dmitry Vadimovich
51. Pimenov Yuri Alexandrovich
52. Polstyanova Zinaida Alexandrovna
53. Rudnev Anatoly Semenovich
54. Saygidova Patimat Gatinamagomedovna
55. Salib Assaf
56. Svyatozarov Valentin Stepanovich
57. Seleznev Gennady Anatolyevich
58. Sidelnikov Alexander Vasilievich
59. Smirnov Alexander Veniaminovich
60. Spiridonov Boris Viktorovich
61. Andrey Spitsin
62. Sursky Anatoly Mikhailovich
63. Timofeev Alexander Lvovich
64. Fadeev Dmitry Ivanovich
65. Fimin Vasily Nikolaevich
66. Hanush Fadi
67. Khloponin Sergey Vladimirovich
68. Khusainov Malik Khaidarovich
69. Chelyshev Mikhail Mikhailovich
70. Chelyakov Nikolai Nikolaevich
71. Chernyshev Alexander Vladimirovich
72. Choporov Vasily Dmitrievich
73. Shalimov Yury Viktorovich
74. Shevyrev Stanislav Vladimirovich
75. Yudin Gennady Valerievich
Citizens who died in other districts of Moscow and the Moscow region in connection with the implementation of the coup d'état on September 21 - October 5, 1993
1. Alferov Pavel Vladimirovich
2. Bondarenko Vyacheslav Anatolievich
3. Vorobieva Elena Nikolaevna
4. Drobyshev Vladimir Andronovich
5. Dukhanin Oleg Aleksandrovich
6. Kozlov Alexander Vladimirovich
7. Malysheva Vera Nikolaevna
9. Novokas Sergey Nikolaevich
10. Ostapenko Igor Viktorovich
11. Solokha Alexander Fedorovich
12. Tarasov Vasily Anatolyevich
Soldiers and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who died while performing tasks in support of the coup d'état
1. Alekseev Vladimir Semenovich
2. Baldin Nikolay Ivanovich
3. Boyko Alexander Ivanovich
4. Gritsyuk Sergey Anatolievich
5. Drozdov Mikhail Mikhailovich
6. Korovushkin Roman Sergeevich
7. Korochensky Anatoly Anatolyevich
8. Korshunov Sergey Ivanovich
9. Krasnikov Konstantin Kirillovich
10. Lobov Yury Vladimirovich
11. Mavrin Alexander Ivanovich
12. Milchakov Alexander Nikolaevich
13. Mikhailov Alexander Valerievich
14. Pankov Alexander Egorovich
15. Panov Vladislav Viktorovich
16. Petrov Oleg Mikhailovich
17. Reshtuk Vladimir Grigorievich
18. Romanov Alexey Alexandrovich
19. Ruban Alexander Vladimirovich
20. Savchenko Alexander Romanovich
21. Sviridenko Valentin Vladimirovich
22. Sergeev Gennady Nikolaevich
23. Sitnikov Nikolai Yurievich
24. Smirnov Sergey Olegovich
25. Farelyuk Anton Mikhailovich
26. Khikhin Sergey Anatolyevich
27. Shevarutin Alexander Nikolaevich
28. Shishaev Ivan Dmitrievich
In Moscow, in the 65th year, the former Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Pavel Grachev died. However, he became famous not as a warrior, but as a punisher, who led the execution of the parliament in October 1993. The Interpreter's blog decided to see how the fate of other prominent punishers who received the "Hero of Russia" for the execution of Russian citizens developed.
The cause of Pavel Grachev's death is called mushroom poisoning - on September 12, in a serious condition, he ended up in intensive care, and never came to his senses.
Grachev went to the nomenklatura in a typical Soviet way. Born in the village of Rvy in the Tula region, he chose the only possible career option in the late Soviet Union for a man of his class - through the army. The landing troops, Afghanistan, were one of the first to take the oath and defect to the side of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. But Grachev was remembered not for these frills, but as the architect of a system that turned the army into a punitive appendage to the "vertical of power."
The first step on the path of the Soviet-Russian army to an analogue of the German SS formations was the confrontation between the Supreme Council (the Armed Forces, the symbol of which was the White House) and the administration of President Yeltsin in the fall of 1993. Let us briefly recall that then Yeltsin, by his decree No. 1400, trampled on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, deciding to disperse the Armed Forces. The Constitutional Court decided to remove Yeltsin from power, but the president (correctly - ex-president), enraged by the demand of the two branches of government to observe the rule of law, shot the parliament and the civilians who defended it. According to official data, about 200 people were killed on October 3-4, according to unofficial data, about 2,000. And for some time a concentration camp for the defenders of the White House was set up on the territory of the Krasnaya Presnya stadium.
The Moscow police, OMON, FSK (as the KGB-FSB was then called) and even civilians of liberal persuasion, armed with Yegor Gaidar's team, took part in punitive operations at that time. For the first time since civil war 1918-1922 in the execution of representatives of the two branches of power, the army also took over.
In September 1993, Minister Pavel Grachev hesitated for a long time - which side to take (he tried to guess how in August 1991, who would become the winner in the confrontation), but in the end he chose the side of Yeltsin. In a few days, he put together a punitive brigade, which, for money and other material values(apartments, as well as the right to plunder the premises of the Supreme Council) decided to participate in the execution of Russian citizens.
Punishers did not even hide themselves. For example, they did not put on masks (as special forces do now), awarding them the title of Hero of Russia for their dirty work was an open presidential decree.
The seeds of evil quickly sprouted: an army consisting of punishers usually ceases to fulfill its direct functions - to defend the Motherland. As already in 1994, Pavel Grachev was convinced, who liked to use a rabble of mercenaries in operations. That year, the Minister of Defense decided to quickly deal with the rebellious Chechnya, and he throws into this republic a punitive vanguard - the "heroes of Russia", who were directly involved in the execution of the White House. But killing unarmed civilians is not the same as fighting against well-trained militias. The results were not long in coming:
“October 4, volunteer officers of the Kantemirovskaya division Bashmakov S.A., Brulevich V.V., Yermolin A.V., Maslennikov A.I., Rudoy P.K., Petrakov A.I., Seryabryakov V.B. ., Rusakov and some others, led by Polyakov, Birchenko and Bakanov, proved to the whole world that for a small fraction of the “wooden”, at the request of our rulers, anyone would be shot from tanks: children, women, the House of Soviets.
The officers of the 12th TP, 4th TD, who distinguished themselves in Moscow on October 4, and further went along the “western contract” path. On November 26, 1994, the crews of three tank columns that entered Grozny with the money of Yeltsin and the Federal Grid Company to storm the local "White House", abandoned their tanks at the first shots and surrendered. Of the mercenary officers who shot for money on October 4, 1993 from T-80 tanks at the House of Soviets, on November 26, 1994, 4 commanders of those Kantemirov tank crews immediately ran over to the Dudayevites. Demonstrating the typical behavior of mercenaries, the "tankers" betrayed all their employers (they were hired to shoot from tanks for 6 million rubles on the nose), resentfully telling that the FSK promised them a safe walk and an easy victory (apparently, as in Moscow in 1993 - over women and children), and "those" suddenly also began to shoot.
(Aerial photograph of the bombed-out presidential palace in Grozny, January 1995)
Among the mercenaries who surrendered to the Chechens was Captain Rusakov (in October 1993 - senior lieutenant of the 12th TP 4th TD). In October 1993, it was this mercenary tanker who self-satisfiedly admitted from the TV screen that as early as 17.00 on October 4, 1993, he was hitting the White House with might and main from his T-80 tank, and to the question of the Ata-baty TV commentator about the fate women and children in the House of Soviets answered simply: “But my wife sits at home and does not climb anywhere ...”
Unlike Pavel Grachev, most of the punishers who received the title of "Hero of Russia" for the shooting of the White House still live happily. Here are brief, post-execution biographies of some of them.
Alexander Kishinsky. Participated in the Chechen war. In 1997, he retired from the reserve. CHOP director.
Nikolai Belyaev- rose to the rank of Major General of the Airborne Forces.
Valery Evnevich. He rose to the rank of Colonel General. Wandered around "hot spots", crushed people in Tajikistan, Kosovo, the Caucasus, Transnistria. He developed a plan for a campaign against South Ossetia as part of "peace enforcement".
Victor Erin- he was dragged to the level of deputy chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Service, under Putin he was appointed a businessman - to the board of directors of Motovilikha Plants.
(Viktor Yerin is still in the rank of colonel general; his last rank is army general)
Nikolai Ignatov- killed Russian people in the rank of lieutenant colonel. Then he was transferred to Kosovo ("the famous throw to Pristina"). Lieutenant General, Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces:
Sergey Lysyuk- On October 3, 1993, the Vityaz detachment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Lysyuk opened fire on the people besieging the Ostankino television center, as a result of which 46 people were killed and 114 wounded. Now he heads the Association for the Social Protection of Military Personnel, chairs other public offices:
Alexander Kishinsky- now the director of the CHOP.
Sergei Seliverstov. He rose to the rank of Colonel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 2009, he was appointed First Deputy Head of the 2014 Olympics Center at the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
But the state took into account the merits of not all punishers. Many of them tried in vain. For example, Captain Grishin, being in the position of a tank gunner, personally fired at the White House, but was excluded from the list of those presented for the Order of Courage. Due to the abuse of alcohol, he was dismissed from the Armed Forces under the article "inconsistency in position." Now he is a pensioner, the head of the security service of a small bank. Major General Polyakov, commander of the Kantemirovskaya division in the fall of 1993, was fired from the army just a couple of years later as "unreliable". Army General Konstantin Kobets, despite the zealous execution of the order to shoot Russians, was placed in a pre-trial detention center in the late 1990s on charges of bribery and other crimes (he was released under an amnesty in 2000)
Here it is also necessary to add that in October 1993, and not only in Chechnya, these mercenaries often showed themselves to be completely inadequate. And they received the title of Hero of Russia for complete inadequacy - shooting at each other:
“At 7 am, the Dzerzhinsk people, advancing in armored vehicles to the parliament building, fired at people from the Afghan Veterans Union, who expressed a desire to defend democracy on the side of Yeltsin. One of the veterans was badly wounded. Tamantsy, having decided that these armored personnel carriers had gone over to the side of the enemy, opened their fire on them. Thus, a real battle unfolded between the two armored columns, during which a Lithuanian citizen who happened to be in the epicenter of madness was killed.
But these were only flowers. The armored personnel carrier of Dzerzhinsk under No. 444, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Savchenko, caught fire after an accurate shot from the craftsmen from the Taman division, and the commander, unable to leave the flaming car, died. A soldier was killed in another armored vehicle.
At about the same time, another armored group of internal troops flew into the territory of the Krasnaya Presnya stadium. At the same time, they did not spare the cartridges: everyone around was generously poured with lead. And nearby were the same combat guys from the 119th parachute regiment, who first hid from the fire, and then decided that these newly arrived warriors were definitely supporters of the Supreme Council, so they should be destroyed immediately. One of the airborne battalion commanders hit the Dzerzhins from a grenade launcher. Those answered adequately - from all trunks. The result is deplorable: the captain, the corporal were killed, several people were injured.
Around 10 am, two Dzerzhinsk BTEers were ordered to take up positions on Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment. And there were already Tamans. And what do you think they did when they saw the approaching cars? That's right, they met them with dagger fire. A major, two starleys, a private were killed, many people were injured.
The command appreciated the exploits of both sides. Two became heroes of Russia (one of them, 19-year-old serviceman Oleg Petrov, posthumously; Major Sergei Gritsyuk, also posthumously - approx. BT), many were awarded orders and medals. For the fact that "wet" each other.
It is impossible not to mention another conclusion from that crime. For some reason, in the state-patriotic environment, they firmly believe that during mass unrest, “Russians will not shoot at Russians”, “the army is with the people” (or is neutral). The events of 1993 showed that the military (not to mention representatives of other power structures) can easily shoot at their own people, torture and burn them. And these were still people with a Soviet hardening, when in some corners of their brain the remnants of a humanistic upbringing were preserved. Today, a generation has grown up free from such sentiments: it will be necessary - they will shoot not only at their own people, but also at their own mother.
Shortly before his death, Pavel Grachev gave an interview. In it he, in particular,
